目的系统评估聚合酶链反应扩增尿素酶Ａ基因（ＰＣＲ法）对幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染的诊断价值．方法采用金标准及ＰＣＲ法检测６９例患者（慢性胃炎５２例、消化性溃疡１２例、胃癌５例）胃粘膜内Ｈｐ．结果金标准诊断有Ｈｐ感染３４例，ＰＣＲ法诊断３５例Ｈｐ阳性；金标准诊断３５例无Ｈｐ感染，ＰＣＲ法诊断３４例Ｈｐ阴性．故ＰＣＲ法敏感度为１００％，特异度为９７１％，粗一致性为９８５％，调整一致性为９８６％，误诊率（假阳性率）为２９％，漏诊率（假阴性率）为０，正确诊断指数（ｒ）为１０，阳性预测值（＋ＰＶ）为９７１％，阴性预测值（ＰＶ）为１００％，阳性似然比（ＬＲ＋）为３５，阴性似然比（ＬＲ）为０．结论ＰＣＲ法对胃粘膜Ｈｐ感染的诊断价值高于细菌培养、组织病理学，尿素酶试验各单项方法． Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction amplification of urease A gene (PCR) in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Methods The gold standard and PCR method were used to detect Hp in 69 patients (52 cases of chronic gastritis, 12 cases of peptic ulcer and 5 cases of gastric cancer). Results There were 34 cases of Hp infection in gold standard diagnosis and 35 cases of Hp positive diagnosis by PCR method. There were 35 cases of Hp infection in gold standard diagnosis and 34 cases of Hp negative diagnosis by PCR method. Therefore, the sensitivity of PCR was 100%, the specificity was 971%, the consistency was 985%, the consistency of adjustment was 986%, the misdiagnosis rate (false positive rate) was 29%, the misdiagnosis rate (False negative rate) was 0, the correct diagnostic index (r) was 10, the positive predictive value (PV) was 971%, the negative predictive value (PV) was 100%, the positive likelihood ratio 35, the negative likelihood ratio (LR ) is 0. Conclusion The diagnostic value of PCR for Hp infection of gastric mucosa is higher than that of bacterial culture, histopathology and urease test.