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疫苗是防止传染性疾病传播最有效的方法。然而,由于缺乏能有效激活细胞免疫的疫苗,HIV感染,肿瘤等慢性疾病还不能通过疫苗得到有效防治。树突状细胞是机体功能最强的专职抗原提呈细胞,它能高效地摄取、加工处理和提呈抗原,并引发T细胞介导的细胞免疫反应。理想的生物材料佐剂通常具有3种功能:能将抗原靶向性运输至树突状细胞;并控制抗原在树突状细胞内的释放方式;同时可以激活树突状细胞,增强抗原提呈能力,从而增强抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应。充分了解生物材料和免疫系统的相互作用有利于合理设计生物材料,从而开发出新一代具有细胞免疫激活作用的疫苗佐剂,提高疫苗免疫效力,实现疫苗对更多疾病的有效防治。
Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. However, due to the lack of vaccines that can effectively activate cellular immunity, chronic diseases such as HIV infection and cancer can not be effectively controlled by the vaccine. Dendritic cells are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells in the body that efficiently take up, process and present antigens and trigger T cell-mediated cellular immune responses. Ideal biological material adjuvants usually have three functions: the antigen can be targeted to transport dendritic cells; and control the release of antigen in dendritic cells; at the same time can activate dendritic cells and enhance antigen presentation Ability to enhance antigen-specific cellular immune responses. A full understanding of the interaction between biological materials and the immune system is conducive to the rational design of biological materials to develop a new generation of vaccine adjuvants with cellular immune activation, improve the vaccine’s immune efficacy and achieve effective vaccine control for more diseases.