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三、美国集团诉讼的现状集团诉讼制度与法律正当程序相比,其主要特征就在于:集团的一个或数个成员可以未经集团全体成员的授权,即可以为集团全体的利益代表全体成员提起诉讼,而“集团”或“代表”案件的判决结果,不仅对作为当事人参加诉讼的那些集团成员有约束力,而且对那些所有的集团成员或所有被代表的而没有参加诉讼的当事人也具有约束力。 (一)集团诉讼制度的主要内容 1966年修改后的有关集团诉讼规则,均规定在《联邦民事诉讼规则》第23条内,首先在(a)款规定了提起集团诉讼的必要条件,即集团的一个或数个成员仅在符合以下条件时方可作为代表人提起集团诉讼或被诉:(1)集团人数众多,以至所有集团成员共同
Third, the status quo of the U.S. group litigation Group litigation system compared with due process of law, its main feature is that: one or several members of the group without the authorization of all members of the group, which can represent the interests of the entire group on behalf of all members Litigation and the outcome of the judgment in a “group” or “representative” case is not only binding on those group members who are parties to the proceedings but also on all group members or all parties represented who are not involved in the proceedings force. (I) Main Content of the Group Litigation System The amended group litigation rules of 1966 all stipulated that in the first paragraph of Article 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the necessary conditions for bringing a class action are set out in paragraph (a) (1) a large number of groups, as a whole, all members of the group together