动力气象学的发展及大型电子计算机的问世提供了制作数值预报的可能性。数值预报问题的实质在于如何构成描述大气运动的动力学和热力学特性的闭合方程组,并设计出精确度高计算稳定的数值求解方案。在自由大气中,三五天以内的大尺度大气过程一般可简化成由六个方程来描写,即两个水平运动方程、静力方程、连续方程、热流量方程及状态方程。由于涡旋运动是大气运动的基本特性,因此很自然地可以用涡度输送方程来代替两个水平运动方程。把风场和气压场用一定的关系如地转近似联系起来,并按 The development of dynamic meteorology and the advent of large-scale electronic computers provide the possibility of making numerical predictions. The essence of numerical prediction is how to form a closed system of equations describing the dynamics and thermodynamics of atmospheric motion and to design a numerical solution to the problem of high computational stability with high accuracy. In a free atmosphere, large-scale atmospheric processes within three to five days can generally be simplified into six equations describing two horizontal kinematic equations, static equations, continuous equations, heat flux equations and state equations. Since vorticity is a fundamental property of atmospheric motion, it is natural to use the vorticity transport equation instead of the two horizontal equations of motion. The wind field and pressure field with a certain relationship, such as turn around the approximate link, and press