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目的了解大学生对当前环境问题的关注程度及其环境健康的知识、态度、行为(知信行)现状,并初步分析其可能的影响因素,以期为在大学生中进行环境健康教育提供参考依据。方法于2009年11月16日—12月20日,选取北京市学院路周边9所高校的1 120名本科生为调查对象,进行自填式问卷调查。问卷内容主要包括调查对象的一般情况、对环境质量的关注程度和环境健康的知、信、行水平。对环境健康的知、信、行水平得分进行描述性统计;采用Mann-Whitney秩和检验分析不同性别和生源地大学生间知、信、行的得分差异;采用Spearman等级相关探讨知识、态度和行为间得分的相关关系。结果调查对象中仅57.4%的人认为学校及周围地区存在不同程度的环境污染问题;全体大学生知、信行得分的平均水平用中位数和四分位数表示,分别为4.0(3.5,5.0)分、5.0(4.0,5.5)分和4.5(3.5,5.0)分,经秩和检验,态度得分显著高于知识和行为得分(P<0.01);女生的知、信、行得分高于男生(P<0.01),不同生源地学生的知、信、行得分间差异无统计学意义;经Spearman相关分析,知识、态度和行为三者之间存在较弱的相关关系,相关系数均小于0.4(P<0.01)。结论本次调查表明,大学生对环境问题的关注程度和环境健康的知、信行水平有待提高,尤其在环境污染所致健康危害的正确认知和如何规避危害的行为方面;此外,在环境健康教育工作中,应对男生给予更多的关注。
Objective To understand the current situation of university students’ attention to the current environmental problems and the status quo of knowledge, attitude and behavior of the environment health and the preliminary analysis of their possible influencing factors so as to provide a reference for environmental health education among college students. Methods From November 16, 2009 to December 20, 2009, 1 120 undergraduates at 9 colleges and universities located around Beijing’s Xueyuan Road were selected as the survey subjects to conduct self-administered questionnaires. The contents of the questionnaire mainly include the general conditions of the respondents, the degree of concern for the quality of the environment, and the level of knowledge, letter and practice of environmental health. Descriptive statistics were made on the level of knowledge, letter and practice of environmental health. Mann-Whitney rank-sum test was used to analyze the difference of scores of knowledge, letter and practice among college students of different genders and students. Spearman rank correlation was used to explore the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior Correlation between scores. Results Only 57.4% of the surveyed respondents considered the school and the surrounding area to have different degrees of environmental pollution. The average level of knowledge and credit scores of all university students was 4.0 (3.5, 5.0) Points, 5.0 (4.0,5.5) points and 4.5 (3.5,5.0) points, respectively. The scores of attitude and attitude were significantly higher than those of knowledge and behavior (P <0.01) P <0.01). There was no significant difference among students in different places in terms of knowledge, belief, and practice. There was a weak correlation between knowledge, attitude and behavior among Spencer’s correlation analysis, and the correlation coefficients were all less than 0.4 P <0.01). Conclusion The survey shows that college students’ attention to environmental issues and the level of knowledge and credit of environmental health need to be improved, especially in the correct cognition of health hazards caused by environmental pollution and how to avoid harmful behaviors. In addition, environmental health education Work, should pay more attention to boys.