论文部分内容阅读
摘要:桂林也在不断建设成为国际旅游胜地,桂林旅游业的蓬勃发展必然会促使来华游客认识和了解当地文化,因此旅游翻译就承担起了文化传播、旅游宣传等交际活动的主要角色。笔者便通过分析桂林景点介绍的英文翻译来总结出其存在的问题以及翻译策略,从而使译文更加规范、准确、通顺,更能吸引外国读者的兴趣。
关键词:桂林旅游景点介绍;翻译策略;文化传播
1.桂林旅游景点介绍英译存在的问题
1.1 文化缺省
“文化缺省”这个概念是由王东风《文化缺省与翻译中的连贯重构》一文中提出的。文化缺省指交际双方有相同的文化背景,源语作者默认读者了解这一背景知识,因而将其省略。在旅游景点介绍翻译中,逐字逐句的翻译很容易导致文化缺省。例如:独秀峰、象鼻山和月牙池等景点名称,中国人很容易理解,而有些翻译仅仅将它们译为Duxiu Peak, Xiangbi Hill and Yueya Pond,外国游客并不具备相关的文化背景知识,这样的译文无法传递出真正的文化内涵,因此产生文化缺省的问题。
1.2 信息过载
译文读者对于原文文化信息接受程度明显低于原文读者在翻译过程中,若将所涵盖的信息全部译出,会造成信息过载,从而使景点介绍十分枯燥冗长,不能达到很好的介绍景点、传播文化的作用。
1.3 “散点”式英译
中文在语义结构上偏向于“散点”式,描写时讲究语言的辞藻华丽、意境朦胧,倾向于让读者自己体会,从而导致在描写景物时移步换景,没有焦点。而英文与中文不同,讲究写实、具体以及视角的连贯。笔者发现许多景点译文不顾中英描写景物的差异,主语来回切换,不符合英文的行文习惯。
2.桂林景点介绍的英译策略
2.1 增补相关信息
由于旅游景点介绍常常包含大量历史时期等背景知识,如果不增补具体时间的信息,外国读者有可能产生理解上的偏差。
例1:广西省政府旧址位于靖江王城内,是在靖江王府的基址上建设起来的。1936年广西省政府由南宁迁桂林在此办公。抗战时期曾多次遭日军飞机轰炸,建筑损毁严重。
景点译文:The former site of Guangxi provincial government was located in the Jingjiang Prince City, and was moved from Nanning to Guilin and offices were carried out here. In the Anti-Japanese War, it was bombed by the Japanese planes and the buildings were badly damaged.
分析:“广西省政府”是民国时期的叫法,应补充具体的年代背景,避免使读者混淆。笔者还用括号加上了“广西壮族自治区”来区别过去和现在广西政府的不同名称。另外,原文是按照时间顺序叙述的,在提到“抗日战争时期”时也应当加上具体的年份时间,使时间线更加清晰。
修改译文:The former site of Guangxi Government (now Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reign ) is located in Jingjiang Imperial Mansion in the period of the Republic of China. Guangxi provincial government moved to Guilin from Nanning in 1936. During the Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945), the provincial buildings were bombed by Japanese planes many times and were greatly damaged.
2.2 省譯法
省译法是在旅游文本中常见的一种翻译策略。从译文预期目的这个角度考虑,景点介绍英文翻译是为了让外国游客更好的了解中国的风土人情。因此在翻译过程中译者可以考虑到源语与目的语之间的文化差异,酌情省去作用不大的次要信息,突出主要内容。
例2:到了清代,王府改为广西贡院,考出了585位进士、4位状元,还有一位中国科考历史上最后一位三元及第状元,科举成就位列全国第五。
景点译文:In the Qing Dynasty, The king’s city was Guangxi Gongyuan, and 585 jinshi and four top scholars were admitted. There was also the last third and top three in the history of Chinese scientific research. The achievements of the imperial examination ranked the fifth in the country.
分析:此句是介绍历史背景,其中包括了与科举制度相关的名词。如果进行音译,外国游客不能理解,如果展开介绍则需要大量篇幅,造成信息过载。笔者认为“进士”、“状元”和“三元及第状元”都是为了引出“科举成就位列全国第五”,那么进行省译删减,只译出这句话即可。
修改译文:During Qing Dynasty, the imperial mansion served as Guangxi Gongyuan (the Guangxi Provincial Examination House). It’s achievements of Keju (the Imperial Examination) ranked fifth around the nation. 2.3 音译加注释
对于具有中国文化特色词的翻译,音译可以体现出文化上的自信,但仅仅对其进行音译而不加以解释则会造成信息缺失。采用音译加注释的方法则很好的解决了这一问题。
例3:其南北长555米,东西宽330米,基宽5.5米,高5.1米,用方整料石砌筑。东西南北辟有“体仁”“遵义”“端礼”“广智”四城门,其中端礼门为三券拱门。
景点译文:The ancient wall stretches 555 meters from north to south, 300 meters from east to west; and it is 5.5 meters in width and 5.1 meters in height. Built of square stones, the wall is connected by four gates in all directions, namely the gates of Renti, Zunyi, Duanli and Guangzhi.
分析:译文对原文理解的错误,城墙不是由四个门连接起来的,而是在东南西北四个方向各有一个城门。四个城门的名字笔者认为可以音译,体现出文化自信,但还需要在后面用括号说明四个词的意思,否则也会存在文化缺省。
修改译文:The wall stretches 555 meters from north to south, 300 meters from east to west; and it is 5.5 meters in width and 5.1 meters in height. Piled up by tons of square limestone, the wall has four entries in all directions, which were named by “Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi” (benevolence, loyalty,ceremony and wisdom).
2.4 改写法
为了让译文更好的实现信息传递的功能,译者必须考虑到译文读者的语言行文习惯以及思维方式,对原文进行适当的调整和改写。
例4:位于独秀峰东北麓,原有独秀泉,明初因泉凿池,形如月牙。池中曲栏水榭,池畔垂柳依依,为王府御园一景。
景点译文:The Crescent Pond lies in the northeast of the Solitary Beauty Peak. This pond used to be a spring named Duxiu Spring. People in Ming Dynasty constructed this spring into crescent-shaped. There are corridors over the pond and waterside pavilions and weeping willows on both sides of the pond. This forms a special view in the Imperial Garden.
分析:译文照搬原文,十分生硬,是中文的散点思维,不符合英语的行文习惯,同时还对原文内容理解有误。“月牙池”和“独秀泉”是两个不同的事物,译文将二者等同。主语应该锁定“the Crescent Pond”,与其相关的景点或历史信息应该处理为附加成分。译文中主语指代不明,一句一个不同的主语,没有视点连贯的意识。
修改译文:Yueya Pond (Crescent Pond) nestles against the northeast foot of the Duxiu Peak (Solitary Beauty Peak). It was dug in Ming Dynasty to contain the Duxiu Spring (Solitary Beauty Spring) flowed from the peak. It has a shape of crescent and was named after that. The soft breeze stirs the leaves on willows around Crescent Pond, forming a wonderful scene in the backyard.
总结
旅游景点介绍的英译是集宣传与文化介绍为一体的二次创作,译者要考虑到外国游客的语言和思维特点、中外文化差异以及译文所期望达到的效果。在忠实传达原文信息的同时,适当的增加、删减信息,重新排列信息的顺序,使译文更好的达意,唤起译文读者的阅读兴趣。
参考文献
[1] 刘爱萍.桂林旅游景区(点)英译存在的问题及应对策略[J].旅游论坛,2014,7(03):82-87.
[2] 王東风.文化缺省与翻译中的连贯重构[J].外国语, 1997(6): 55-56.
[3] 吴昊.张家界旅游景点介绍的英文翻译问题[J].边疆经济与文化,2006(02):12-14.
[4] 朱益平.论旅游翻译中文化差异的处理[J].西北大学学报,2005(03):159-164.
作者简介:
徐楚(1997),女,汉,河南省襄城县,硕士,广西师范大学,在读翻译硕士
关键词:桂林旅游景点介绍;翻译策略;文化传播
1.桂林旅游景点介绍英译存在的问题
1.1 文化缺省
“文化缺省”这个概念是由王东风《文化缺省与翻译中的连贯重构》一文中提出的。文化缺省指交际双方有相同的文化背景,源语作者默认读者了解这一背景知识,因而将其省略。在旅游景点介绍翻译中,逐字逐句的翻译很容易导致文化缺省。例如:独秀峰、象鼻山和月牙池等景点名称,中国人很容易理解,而有些翻译仅仅将它们译为Duxiu Peak, Xiangbi Hill and Yueya Pond,外国游客并不具备相关的文化背景知识,这样的译文无法传递出真正的文化内涵,因此产生文化缺省的问题。
1.2 信息过载
译文读者对于原文文化信息接受程度明显低于原文读者在翻译过程中,若将所涵盖的信息全部译出,会造成信息过载,从而使景点介绍十分枯燥冗长,不能达到很好的介绍景点、传播文化的作用。
1.3 “散点”式英译
中文在语义结构上偏向于“散点”式,描写时讲究语言的辞藻华丽、意境朦胧,倾向于让读者自己体会,从而导致在描写景物时移步换景,没有焦点。而英文与中文不同,讲究写实、具体以及视角的连贯。笔者发现许多景点译文不顾中英描写景物的差异,主语来回切换,不符合英文的行文习惯。
2.桂林景点介绍的英译策略
2.1 增补相关信息
由于旅游景点介绍常常包含大量历史时期等背景知识,如果不增补具体时间的信息,外国读者有可能产生理解上的偏差。
例1:广西省政府旧址位于靖江王城内,是在靖江王府的基址上建设起来的。1936年广西省政府由南宁迁桂林在此办公。抗战时期曾多次遭日军飞机轰炸,建筑损毁严重。
景点译文:The former site of Guangxi provincial government was located in the Jingjiang Prince City, and was moved from Nanning to Guilin and offices were carried out here. In the Anti-Japanese War, it was bombed by the Japanese planes and the buildings were badly damaged.
分析:“广西省政府”是民国时期的叫法,应补充具体的年代背景,避免使读者混淆。笔者还用括号加上了“广西壮族自治区”来区别过去和现在广西政府的不同名称。另外,原文是按照时间顺序叙述的,在提到“抗日战争时期”时也应当加上具体的年份时间,使时间线更加清晰。
修改译文:The former site of Guangxi Government (now Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reign ) is located in Jingjiang Imperial Mansion in the period of the Republic of China. Guangxi provincial government moved to Guilin from Nanning in 1936. During the Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945), the provincial buildings were bombed by Japanese planes many times and were greatly damaged.
2.2 省譯法
省译法是在旅游文本中常见的一种翻译策略。从译文预期目的这个角度考虑,景点介绍英文翻译是为了让外国游客更好的了解中国的风土人情。因此在翻译过程中译者可以考虑到源语与目的语之间的文化差异,酌情省去作用不大的次要信息,突出主要内容。
例2:到了清代,王府改为广西贡院,考出了585位进士、4位状元,还有一位中国科考历史上最后一位三元及第状元,科举成就位列全国第五。
景点译文:In the Qing Dynasty, The king’s city was Guangxi Gongyuan, and 585 jinshi and four top scholars were admitted. There was also the last third and top three in the history of Chinese scientific research. The achievements of the imperial examination ranked the fifth in the country.
分析:此句是介绍历史背景,其中包括了与科举制度相关的名词。如果进行音译,外国游客不能理解,如果展开介绍则需要大量篇幅,造成信息过载。笔者认为“进士”、“状元”和“三元及第状元”都是为了引出“科举成就位列全国第五”,那么进行省译删减,只译出这句话即可。
修改译文:During Qing Dynasty, the imperial mansion served as Guangxi Gongyuan (the Guangxi Provincial Examination House). It’s achievements of Keju (the Imperial Examination) ranked fifth around the nation. 2.3 音译加注释
对于具有中国文化特色词的翻译,音译可以体现出文化上的自信,但仅仅对其进行音译而不加以解释则会造成信息缺失。采用音译加注释的方法则很好的解决了这一问题。
例3:其南北长555米,东西宽330米,基宽5.5米,高5.1米,用方整料石砌筑。东西南北辟有“体仁”“遵义”“端礼”“广智”四城门,其中端礼门为三券拱门。
景点译文:The ancient wall stretches 555 meters from north to south, 300 meters from east to west; and it is 5.5 meters in width and 5.1 meters in height. Built of square stones, the wall is connected by four gates in all directions, namely the gates of Renti, Zunyi, Duanli and Guangzhi.
分析:译文对原文理解的错误,城墙不是由四个门连接起来的,而是在东南西北四个方向各有一个城门。四个城门的名字笔者认为可以音译,体现出文化自信,但还需要在后面用括号说明四个词的意思,否则也会存在文化缺省。
修改译文:The wall stretches 555 meters from north to south, 300 meters from east to west; and it is 5.5 meters in width and 5.1 meters in height. Piled up by tons of square limestone, the wall has four entries in all directions, which were named by “Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi” (benevolence, loyalty,ceremony and wisdom).
2.4 改写法
为了让译文更好的实现信息传递的功能,译者必须考虑到译文读者的语言行文习惯以及思维方式,对原文进行适当的调整和改写。
例4:位于独秀峰东北麓,原有独秀泉,明初因泉凿池,形如月牙。池中曲栏水榭,池畔垂柳依依,为王府御园一景。
景点译文:The Crescent Pond lies in the northeast of the Solitary Beauty Peak. This pond used to be a spring named Duxiu Spring. People in Ming Dynasty constructed this spring into crescent-shaped. There are corridors over the pond and waterside pavilions and weeping willows on both sides of the pond. This forms a special view in the Imperial Garden.
分析:译文照搬原文,十分生硬,是中文的散点思维,不符合英语的行文习惯,同时还对原文内容理解有误。“月牙池”和“独秀泉”是两个不同的事物,译文将二者等同。主语应该锁定“the Crescent Pond”,与其相关的景点或历史信息应该处理为附加成分。译文中主语指代不明,一句一个不同的主语,没有视点连贯的意识。
修改译文:Yueya Pond (Crescent Pond) nestles against the northeast foot of the Duxiu Peak (Solitary Beauty Peak). It was dug in Ming Dynasty to contain the Duxiu Spring (Solitary Beauty Spring) flowed from the peak. It has a shape of crescent and was named after that. The soft breeze stirs the leaves on willows around Crescent Pond, forming a wonderful scene in the backyard.
总结
旅游景点介绍的英译是集宣传与文化介绍为一体的二次创作,译者要考虑到外国游客的语言和思维特点、中外文化差异以及译文所期望达到的效果。在忠实传达原文信息的同时,适当的增加、删减信息,重新排列信息的顺序,使译文更好的达意,唤起译文读者的阅读兴趣。
参考文献
[1] 刘爱萍.桂林旅游景区(点)英译存在的问题及应对策略[J].旅游论坛,2014,7(03):82-87.
[2] 王東风.文化缺省与翻译中的连贯重构[J].外国语, 1997(6): 55-56.
[3] 吴昊.张家界旅游景点介绍的英文翻译问题[J].边疆经济与文化,2006(02):12-14.
[4] 朱益平.论旅游翻译中文化差异的处理[J].西北大学学报,2005(03):159-164.
作者简介:
徐楚(1997),女,汉,河南省襄城县,硕士,广西师范大学,在读翻译硕士