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以人与自然的关系为基点,生态法包括主体—客体、目的—手段、有用—有限、自由—限制、利己—利他五对基本范畴。人与自然都既是主体又是客体,是主体与客体的统一。自然共同体中的每一物种都有其自身目的,人与自然之间互为目的与手段。受功利主义影响的资源有用论把资源的有限误当作无限,存在着无法克服的弊端。生态法对人开发自然行为的限制,不仅会使人与自然获得更大的自由,而且是人对自然所负责任的要求。人要从自然中获得利益,必须做到人与自然互利互惠,在己他两利中实现人与自然的协调发展。
Based on the relationship between man and nature, ecological law includes five main categories: the subject-object, the purpose-means, the useful-limited, the freedom-limited, the self-interest-altruism. Both man and nature are both subject and object, and the unity of subject and object. Each species in the natural community has its own purpose and between man and nature each other’s purposes and means. Useful Resources Influenced by Utilitarianism Limitations of limited resources are limited, and there are insurmountable drawbacks. The limitation of ecological law to the exploitation of natural human beings not only gives greater freedom to man and nature, but also demands man’s responsibility for nature. To obtain the benefits from nature, people must realize mutual benefits and win-win between man and nature and realize the coordinated development of man and nature in the interests of ourselves and ourselves.