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为准确描述露天矿自卸卡车运输扬尘的动态三维流场,采用动网格技术及离散相模型的粒子跟踪技术的耦合计算方法,模拟不同车速下自卸卡车周围气流与粉尘的分布特征,并进行现场实测。分析结果表明,粘附在路面的积尘是露天矿运输扬尘的发尘源,气流紊动扩散产生的剪切气流和诱导气流是粉尘颗粒飞扬的动因;随着时间的推移,大部分未来得及沉降的粉尘颗粒在卡车后方飞扬,道路粉尘质量浓度为418~956 mg/m~3;随着自卸卡车车速的提高,近地面粉尘质量浓度与扬尘高度均增大。胜利东2号露天矿现场实测显示,运输扬尘污染情况严重,粉尘质量浓度高达1 932.2 mg/m~3,各测试端面的实测值和模拟值相对误差小于6.64%。
In order to accurately describe the dynamic three-dimensional flow field of the dust emission from the surface dump truck, the dynamic characteristics of the airflow and dust around the dump truck at different vehicle speeds are simulated by using the coupled calculation method of the dynamic grid technique and the particle tracking technology of the discrete phase model Field test. The results show that the dust accumulated on the pavement is the dust source of the dust in the open-pit mine. The shearing airflow and the induced airflow generated by the turbulent diffusion of air flow are the motivation for the flying of dust particles. With the passage of time, Sediment dust particles flew behind the truck, and the road dust concentration was 418-956 mg / m ~ 3. With the increase of dump truck speed, both the dust concentration near the ground and the dust height increased. Field experiments at Shengli No.2 surface mine showed that dust pollution in transportation was serious and the dust concentration was as high as 1 932.2 mg / m ~ 3. The relative errors between measured and simulated values of each test surface were less than 6.64%.