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用林窗模型研究了小兴安岭南坡红松针阔混交林长期动态变化过程。通过有效性检验证明所得模型能够合理地预测森林的组成、结构和动态。以经营数据估计模型的参数后,运行模型模拟12个树种600a的演替动态,结果表明次生裸地的森林在几个世纪后能恢复到以红松为主的针叶树占优势的群落,演替呈现为树种组成差别很大的3个阶段:第1个阶段为0到70a,这时阳性先锋树种在群落中占据优势,无论树种组成,生物量,生产力,阳性树种占的比例都最大;第2个阶段为70~300a,在这个阶段中,硬阔叶树占优势,呈现了树种多样性最大的一个阶段,阳性阔叶树种还未退去,耐阴针叶树种已开始增多;第3个阶段为300a之后,针叶耐阴树种开始在群落中占据优势,并且整个群落的树种组成、生物量和生产力变化很小,林分的各种特性呈现具有一定波动的相对稳定态。
The long-term dynamic change process of coniferous-broad-leaved Korean pine forest on the southern slope of Xiaoxing’an Mountain was studied by using the Gap model. The validity test shows that the model can reasonably predict the composition, structure and dynamics of the forest. After estimating the parameters of the model with operating data, the run model simulates the succession dynamics of 600 species of 12 tree species. The results show that the forest of secondary bare land can be restored to dominated coniferous tree dominated by koraiensis a few centuries later. The results showed that there were three stages with very different tree species composition. The first stage was 0 to 70 years. At the moment, the positive pioneer tree species dominated the community, with the largest proportion of tree species composition, biomass, productivity and positive species. The second stage is 70 ~ 300a. In this stage, the hard-leaved trees dominate and present the stage with the largest species diversity. The positive broadleaf trees have not receded, and the shade-tolerant coniferous species have begun to increase. The third stage is 300a Afterwards, the coniferous shade-tolerant species began to occupy the dominant position in the community, and the species composition, biomass and productivity of the whole community changed very little. All the characteristics of the stand showed a relatively stable state with some fluctuations.