企业集团是适应社会主义有计划商品经济和社会化大生产的客观需要而出现的一种具有多层次组织结构的经济组织。一般情况下,企业集团由紧密联合层即核心层、半紧密联合层和松散联合层三个层次组成。其中紧密联合层实行资产一体化、经营一体化,独立核算、自主经营、自负盈亏、能够承担经济责任,具有法人资格,是集团的实体部分,称为集团公司。半紧密联合层企业各自保持原有的法人资格,可以以资金或设备、技术、专利、商标等作价互相投资,在集团统一经营下,按出资比例或协议规定享受利益并承担责任。松散联合层的企 An enterprise group is an economic organization with a multi-level organizational structure that appears to meet the objective needs of the socialist planned commodity economy and socialized production. Under normal circumstances, an enterprise group consists of three levels: a tightly integrated layer, that is, a core layer, a semi-closed joint layer, and a loosely integrated layer. Among them, the tightly integrated layer implements asset integration, business integration, independent accounting, self-management, self-financing, ability to bear economic responsibilities, and has legal personality. It is an entity part of the group and is called a group company. The semi-closely integrated enterprises each maintain their original legal personality, and can invest each other in capital or equipment, technology, patents, trademarks, etc., and under the unified management of the group, enjoy benefits and assume liabilities according to the proportion of investment or the provisions of the agreement. Loose Joint Level Enterprise