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Aim:To investigate the influence of resveratrol (Res),a nutritional antioxidant,on the inhibition of apoptosis in rat primary neuron cultures. Methods:The cultured cortical neurons of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with Res (0. 1,1.0,and 10.0μmol/L) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) with oxygen and glucose were initiated at d 10 in vitro. Neuronal apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry,and morphological changes of neurons were observed by an electron microscope. For the mechanism studies,the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the transcription of caspases-3 and -12 in neurons were detected by Fura 2/AM loading and real-time RT-PCR,respectively.Results:OGD/RP insult could induce an increase in the apoptotic rate of neurons (from 11.1% to 49.0%),and elicit an obvious morphological change in neurons;pretreatments with Res (0.1,1.0,and 10.0 μmol/L,respectively) significantly reduced the elevated rate of apoptosis to 41.7%,40.8%,and 37.4%,respectively,and ameliorated the neuronal morphological injury. Similarly,the OGD/RP insult obviously elicited the elevated levels of the [Ca2+]i and the expressions of caspases-3 and-12 mRNA in neurons. Res pretreatments markedly depressed the neuronal abnormal elevation of [Ca2+]i and the overexpression of caspases-3 and -12 mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion:Res can attenuate the rat cortical neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD/RP. The mechanisms are,at least partly,due to the inhibition of the calcium overload and the overexpression of caspases-3 and - 12 mRNA.