以莲花山钨矿区废弃地及周边农田土壤为研究对象,研究了矿区土壤理化特性、重金属含量、营养元素状况及土壤酶活性的空间分异特性,为该矿区环境污染治理和生态恢复提供科学依据。结果表明,矿区废弃地土壤电导率、总酸度和交换性酸度显著高于背景土壤,受矿区酸性废水的长期影响,矿区下游土壤出现了酸化和盐化,影响随离矿区距离有所减弱。矿区废弃地土壤Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb、Cd和As均高于背景值,其中主要污染元素为Cd和As,它们分别超过背景值的24、169倍,并导致矿区废弃地下游农田土壤Cd和As污染。采矿废弃地土壤有机质、全N及碱解N含量低于背景土壤。废弃地的总钾和总磷基本一致,但是钾和磷有效性显著降低。与土壤背景值相比,采矿废弃地、选矿废弃地及矿区农田土壤过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶显著下降,选矿废弃地土壤的尿酶和蔗糖酶显著降低。土壤尿酶活性可表征土壤退化,可有效地反映土壤酸化、高电导率及As和Cd污染。 Taking the wasteland of Lianhuashan tungsten ore district and surrounding farmland soil as research object, the spatial characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties, heavy metal contents, nutrient elements and soil enzyme activities in mining area were studied to provide a scientific basis for environmental pollution control and ecological restoration in this mining area . The results showed that the soil conductivity, total acidity and exchangeable acidity of wasteland in mining area were significantly higher than those in background soil. Due to the long-term influence of acid wastewater in the mining area, acidification and salinization occurred in the soil downstream of the mining area, and the influence was weakened with the distance from the mine area. The content of Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd and As in the wasteland of mining area are higher than the background value, and the main pollution elements are Cd and As, which exceed the background value by 24,169 times respectively and lead to the soil Cd And As pollution. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis N content in mining abandoned land were lower than background soil. Total waste potassium and total phosphorus are basically the same, but the availability of potassium and phosphorus is significantly reduced. Compared with the background value of soil, the catalase and phosphatase of mining wasteland, mineral processing wasteland and farmland of the mining area decreased significantly, while the activity of urease and invertase decreased significantly in the wasteland of mineral processing. Soil urease activity can characterize soil degradation, which can effectively reflect soil acidification, high conductivity and As and Cd pollution.