论文部分内容阅读
在高考的阅读理解试题或模拟测试试题中常常会碰到一些划线部分的句子，要求学生根据划线部分的内容选择一个合适的答案。乍一看，这些内容似乎很简单，因为没有生词。但仔细揣摩却发现并非那么容易理解，其原因是这些句子都有蕴藏着内涵意义，常常使学生感到困惑不解。此时学生应根据上下文的线索以及作者的意图去加以分析，才能理解其正确涵义。现从部分试题中摘取一些加以分析和归纳，旨在学生更好地解题。
1. When I lived for a time in London. I had a friend, he was in despair and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despair disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other. (2008 北京卷)
In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means__________.
A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us.
B. We were unwilling to tear ourselves away from London
C. Our unpleasant feelings about London disappeared
D. We parted with each other in London
从该段落的叙述看，作者和他的朋友当时在伦敦，两人都很绝望，但他们互相鼓励，
一起寻找美好的事物，直到他们绝望的感觉都消失了。“我们把伦敦给了对方，”显然这里表示我们在伦敦的这段时间互相关心勉励，一起寻找美好的生活，因此本题选A.该段落中的划线部分尽管意思简单，但蕴藏的却是作者对人生的感悟，因此还必须结合全文的内容加以判断，才能获得正确的答案。
2. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. (2008 北京卷)
In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ________.
A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no painD. diet products are free from calories
根据该段落的语境，这些减肥产品使我们认为，我们可以不工作就得到结果，可以不付出痛苦就能有收获。结合文章的叙述，划线部分的含义是：吃减肥食品，我们就可以不锻炼也能减肥。所以A选项正确。
3. Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed as paperbacks, which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times. （2008 安徽卷）
What does the sentence “Television has not killed reading, however” underlined in the second paragraph suggest ?
A. People only need reading , though.B. Reading is still necessary today.
C. Reading is more fun than television. D. Watching television doesn’t help reading.
该句为转折的话语，结合上文和该段落的内容可以得知，尽管电视在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，但不能完全代替阅读报纸和书籍，电视并没有扼杀人们的阅读习惯，今天的报纸和书籍仍然是人们不可缺少的获取知识和信息的工具。由此可以判断该题应选B。
4. Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living.” They think you are a cleaner because you don’t know how to read and write,” said Margaret. “I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I’d been doing, but I don’t think that way any more. I don’t dislike the work though I can’t say I’m mad about it.”(2008 湖北卷)
The underlined part in the last paragraph implies that Margaret’s parents would _________.
A. help care for her childrenB. regret what they had said
C. show sympathy for herD. feel disappointed in her
根据该段落的语境可以得知，在谈到别人的异样的目光时，他们觉得当清洁工人的人是不会读书写字的人，而Margaret接受过护士培训，受过教育，因此，“如果父母知道我现在在做什么工作会怎么想呢？”言外之意，他们会对她觉得失望。那么为什么Margaret要去做清洁工呢？阅读全文可知，她去做该工作是为了挣些额外的钱去照顾生病的孩子。通过对该文的阅读，可以明确此选择为D。
5. As we set out , I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldn’t help noticing that the other tourists weren’t like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats. But as usual we were dressed. As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly. (2008陕西卷)
The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly “ probably means_________.
A. we were weakB. we were unhappy C. we were dissatisfiedD. we were disappointed
本段选自作者徒步旅行中的一个片断，崎岖的道路，炎热的天气又无任何遮盖物，加之背上又驮着小孩使作者倍感疲倦，从文中话语our legs were aching可以判断此句的含义应选择A最为贴切。
6. Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists. (2008 四川卷)
What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. keep everything out of campgrounds. B. take away everything you bring in.
C. carry all the necessary food.D. look after your personal belongings.
该文主要论述了川流不息的游客在参观世界闻名的大峡谷时，常常给这个神秘的地方带来一些不良的后果，为了保护这块圣洁的土地，一些相关措施应运而生。根据段落中划线部分后的话语so you leave no signs of your visit可以得知，该题应选择B为宜。
通过上面一些段落中划线部分句子或短语的分析可以看出，在阅读时首先要结合该段落的意思去理解，搞清楚其内在的涵义，如果还觉得难以区分，则必须结合全文的内容加以考虑，因为有时某一短语的深层涵义在理解全文的基础上才能明确。因此在阅读时必须注意文章的主题和相关的细节，从而更好地理解话语的内在涵义。
1. When I lived for a time in London. I had a friend, he was in despair and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despair disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other. (2008 北京卷)
In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means__________.
A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us.
B. We were unwilling to tear ourselves away from London
C. Our unpleasant feelings about London disappeared
D. We parted with each other in London
从该段落的叙述看，作者和他的朋友当时在伦敦，两人都很绝望，但他们互相鼓励，
一起寻找美好的事物，直到他们绝望的感觉都消失了。“我们把伦敦给了对方，”显然这里表示我们在伦敦的这段时间互相关心勉励，一起寻找美好的生活，因此本题选A.该段落中的划线部分尽管意思简单，但蕴藏的却是作者对人生的感悟，因此还必须结合全文的内容加以判断，才能获得正确的答案。
2. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. (2008 北京卷)
In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ________.
A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no painD. diet products are free from calories
根据该段落的语境，这些减肥产品使我们认为，我们可以不工作就得到结果，可以不付出痛苦就能有收获。结合文章的叙述，划线部分的含义是：吃减肥食品，我们就可以不锻炼也能减肥。所以A选项正确。
3. Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed as paperbacks, which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times. （2008 安徽卷）
What does the sentence “Television has not killed reading, however” underlined in the second paragraph suggest ?
A. People only need reading , though.B. Reading is still necessary today.
C. Reading is more fun than television. D. Watching television doesn’t help reading.
该句为转折的话语，结合上文和该段落的内容可以得知，尽管电视在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，但不能完全代替阅读报纸和书籍，电视并没有扼杀人们的阅读习惯，今天的报纸和书籍仍然是人们不可缺少的获取知识和信息的工具。由此可以判断该题应选B。
4. Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living.” They think you are a cleaner because you don’t know how to read and write,” said Margaret. “I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I’d been doing, but I don’t think that way any more. I don’t dislike the work though I can’t say I’m mad about it.”(2008 湖北卷)
The underlined part in the last paragraph implies that Margaret’s parents would _________.
A. help care for her childrenB. regret what they had said
C. show sympathy for herD. feel disappointed in her
根据该段落的语境可以得知，在谈到别人的异样的目光时，他们觉得当清洁工人的人是不会读书写字的人，而Margaret接受过护士培训，受过教育，因此，“如果父母知道我现在在做什么工作会怎么想呢？”言外之意，他们会对她觉得失望。那么为什么Margaret要去做清洁工呢？阅读全文可知，她去做该工作是为了挣些额外的钱去照顾生病的孩子。通过对该文的阅读，可以明确此选择为D。
5. As we set out , I was shocked at how narrow the path was. And I couldn’t help noticing that the other tourists weren’t like us. They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats. But as usual we were dressed. As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast us. There was no shade and our legs were aching. We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind. By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly. (2008陕西卷)
The underlined expression “Our legs were like jelly “ probably means_________.
A. we were weakB. we were unhappy C. we were dissatisfiedD. we were disappointed
本段选自作者徒步旅行中的一个片断，崎岖的道路，炎热的天气又无任何遮盖物，加之背上又驮着小孩使作者倍感疲倦，从文中话语our legs were aching可以判断此句的含义应选择A最为贴切。
6. Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists. (2008 四川卷)
What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. keep everything out of campgrounds. B. take away everything you bring in.
C. carry all the necessary food.D. look after your personal belongings.
该文主要论述了川流不息的游客在参观世界闻名的大峡谷时，常常给这个神秘的地方带来一些不良的后果，为了保护这块圣洁的土地，一些相关措施应运而生。根据段落中划线部分后的话语so you leave no signs of your visit可以得知，该题应选择B为宜。
通过上面一些段落中划线部分句子或短语的分析可以看出，在阅读时首先要结合该段落的意思去理解，搞清楚其内在的涵义，如果还觉得难以区分，则必须结合全文的内容加以考虑，因为有时某一短语的深层涵义在理解全文的基础上才能明确。因此在阅读时必须注意文章的主题和相关的细节，从而更好地理解话语的内在涵义。