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(一) 社会主义经济制度作为取代资本主义而向共产主义过渡的经济制度,它同时具有计划经济和商品经济两个方面的基本特点。社会主义经济是以生产资料公有制为基础的,各部门、各地区和各企业组成一个根本利益一致的整体,劳动者与生产资料直接结合起来,一切生产和经营活动都是为了一个共同的目的,即满足社会和全体劳动人民的需要,因此,国民经济能够有计划按比例地发展。正如恩格斯指出的:“当人们按照今天的生产力终于被认识了的本性来对待这种生产力的时候,社会的生产无政府状态就让位于按照全社会和每个成员的需要对生产进行的社会的有计划的调节。”(《马克思恩格斯选集》第三卷第319页)国民经济有计划按比例发展,是社会主义所固有的客观经济规律。这个规律要求国民经济的基本比例关系经常保持相对的平衡,从根本上调节着国民经济发展中的全局性和长远性的利益。所以,计划经济是社会主义经济制度的一个基本特点。
(1) The socialist economic system, as an economic system that has taken the place of capitalism and has taken a transition to communism, has both the basic features of a planned economy and a commodity economy. The socialist economy is based on the public ownership of the means of production. All departments, regions and enterprises form a unitary entity of fundamental interests. The workers are directly linked with the means of production. All production and management activities are for the same purpose. That is, to meet the needs of the community and the entire working people. Therefore, the national economy can be systematically and proportionally developed. As Engels pointed out: “When people treat this productivity in the light of the fact that today’s productive forces are finally recognized, the production of anarchy in society gives way to a society where production is carried out in accordance with the needs of the entire society and each member ”(Selected Works of Marx and Engels, vol. III, p. 319) The planned development of the national economy on a pro-rata basis is an objective economic law inherent in socialism. This law requires that the basic proportional relationship of the national economy should always maintain a relative balance and fundamentally regulate the overall and long-term interests in the development of the national economy. Therefore, planned economy is an essential feature of the socialist economic system.