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古代生物遗体中的DNA经历了漫长的历史年代后，总会发生破坏和损伤，因此，古DNA 的长度至多有几百个碱基对的水平。本文对出土于河南省郑州市西山仰韶文化晚期遗址、内 蒙古克什克腾旗龙头山青铜时代遗址和察右后旗三道湾汉代鲜卑族墓葬的古代人骨进行了古 DNA的实验研究。从4例古人骨标本中提取出古DNA。提取物的线粒体DNA片段由聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增，且被测序。本实验证明了扩增序列的真实性，不存在外源基因的污染。通过Clustal X序列分析软件进行同源性比较后，发现龙头山夏家店上层文化居民与三道湾汉代鲜卑族居民之间的同源性较近，而西山新石器时代居民与前二者之间的同源性则相对较远。〔
DNA in ancient biological remains has always been destroyed and damaged after a long historical period. Therefore, the length of ancient DNA is up to several hundred base pairs. In this paper, the ancient DNA of the ancient human bone unearthed in the later site of Yangshao culture in Xishan City, Henan Province, the Longtoushan Bronze Age Site of Keshiketeng Banner in Inner Mongolia and the Xianbei Ethnic Tombs of the Han Dynasty in Chaowenqi Banner were studied. Ancient DNA was extracted from 4 cases of ancient human bone specimens. Mitochondrial DNA fragments of the extracts were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The experiment proved the authenticity of the amplified sequence, there is no foreign gene contamination. After homology comparison by Clustal X sequence analysis software, it was found that the homology between the upper cultural inhabitants of Xiajiadian in Longtoushan and the Xianbei residents in Sandaoan Han Dynasty was relatively close, while the Neolithic inhabitants in Xishan Mountain and the former two Homology is relatively far between. [