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文章选取了中国科学院院士,著名冶金学家魏寿昆院士(1907-2014)系列访谈中,有关1949-1965年当代中国钢铁工业主要技术问题方面的内容。1949-1965年的中国钢铁工业,在波峰浪谷的大时代起伏中经历着前所未有的发展,从全面学习苏联,在此模式的发展观念指导下建立比较完整的钢铁工业技术发展模式,到强调“自力更生为主、争取外援为辅”来探索中国自己的技术发展道路,以及大跃进狂澜中冶金行业发展遭受的巨大破坏和冲击,无不交织着当代中国社会、政治、经济、外交等诸多因素的相互影响和与钢铁工业技术发展观念之间复杂的相互关系。其视角以选取平炉作为全面学习苏联的技术代表;选取侧吹空气转炉作为强调寻求“独立自主、自力更生”的技术代表;选取“大炼钢铁”作为技术发展过程中曲折和突变的代表。其口述史中融汇着魏寿昆院士的思考。当代中国钢铁工业技术发展中曾经出现过的或者消失的技术现象,有的属于正常的技术发展更替,有的是过于强调某些思想的固守和坚持,还有的是过分狂热后自然地被历史和现实淘汰。口述中力求通过魏寿昆院士在所探讨的平炉、侧吹空气转炉和大炼钢铁三个典型的技术问题,来观察当代中国钢铁工业发展中的观念模式和技术特点,希冀有助于后来的人们能更多了解当代中国的钢铁工业技术发展的变迁和社会影响的相互关系。
The article selects the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the famous metallurgist Wei Shoukun academician (1907-2014) series of interviews, about 1949-1965 contemporary China’s steel industry major technical issues. From 1949 to 1965, China’s steel industry experienced unprecedented development in ups and downs of the wave and wave valley. From a comprehensive study of the Soviet Union, it established a relatively complete technological development mode of the iron and steel industry under the guidance of the development concept of this model, “Self-reliance, Striving for Foreign Aid supplements” to explore China’s own technological development and the great devastation and impact suffered by the Great Leap Forward in the development of the metallurgical industry, all intertwined with many factors of contemporary Chinese society, politics, economy and diplomacy Mutual influence and the complex interrelationship with the concept of technological development in the iron and steel industry. From the perspective of choosing flat hearth furnace as the technical representative for the comprehensive study of the Soviet Union; selecting the side-blown air converter as the technical representative who emphasizes seeking “independence and self-reliance”; selecting “Big Steelmaking” as the representative of twists and turns in the technological development . Its oral history in the integration of Wei Shoukun academician thinking. Some of the technical phenomena that have occurred or disappeared in the technological development of contemporary China’s steel industry are some of the normal alternations of technological development, some of them are over-emphasizing the stubbornness and persistence of certain ideas, and others are naturally eliminated by history and reality after being excessively fanatical. Oral description seeks to observe the contemporary China’s iron and steel industry in the development of the concept of mode and technical characteristics through the three typical technical issues discussed by Wei Shoukun in the open hearth, side air blower and steelmaking, hoping to help later people Learn more about the interrelationship between technological change and social impact in contemporary China’s steel industry.