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为使电力系统三相负荷尽可能平衡,电气化铁道的接触网采用分段换相供电,各相间用空气或绝缘物分割,称为电分相。因此,接触网上每隔20～25公里左右就有一长约30米的供电死区,电力机车到此须经一系列操作断电通过。这不仅影响行车速度,耗费司机精力,对运行安全也极为不利。在准高速、高速线路上,由于车速高达44～100米/秒,司机靠观看断电标,进行退级、关辅助机组、断主断路器,作业实属困难。在高坡重载区段,断电过分相会引起列车冲动和大幅减速,且由于在高坡地段起速困难,从而会降低牵引定数和延长咽喉区段的运行时分。
In order to balance the three-phase load of the power system as much as possible, the contact line of the electrified railway adopts the phase-commutated power supply, and the phases are separated by air or insulator and called phase split. Therefore, the contact network every 20 to 25 km there is a length of about 30 meters dead zone of power supply, electric locomotive to be through a series of operations to power off. This not only affects the driving speed, consumes the driver’s energy, but also extremely detrimental to the operation safety. In the quasi-high-speed, high-speed lines, the speed of up to 44-100 meters / second, the driver by watching the power off standard, the retreat, off auxiliary units, breaking the main circuit breaker, operating it is difficult. In high-altitude overloaded sections, excessive power failure causes train impulses and substantial deceleration, and due to the difficulty in raising the speed in high-lying sections, it reduces the number of traction and prolongs the operating hours of the throat section.