本文报告江西鄱阳湖一洲岛型日本血吸虫病重疫区居民普治后血吸虫再感染的定群观察结果。化疗１年后居民血吸虫病再感染率为５４．４％，为化疗前感染水平的８４．６％。通过对涉及再感染的有关因素（３３个变量）的非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，提示化疗前的感染程度、化疗后暴露强度及年龄因素与化疗后的再感染有显著性联系，其中年龄为再感染的“保护性”因素。 This article reports the population-based observations of schistosomiasis re-infection after inhabitant Prudence in Poyang Lake, an island of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province. One year after chemotherapy, the rate of resident schistosomiasis re-infection was 54.4%, which was 84.6% of the pre-chemotherapy infection level. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis of related factors (33 variables) involved in re-infection suggested that the degree of infection before chemotherapy, exposure intensity and age after chemotherapy were significantly associated with re-infection after chemotherapy, of which age was re-infection The “protective” factor.