鸦片战争以后逐渐形成的租界到第二次鸦片战争结束之际得以恶性地发展和广泛地推广。清政府在爱国官绅的呼号推动下 ,于甲午之后采取了在约开商埠以通商场抵制外人开辟租界的措施 ,并与日本就开辟苏州、杭州租界问题进行了正面的交锋。嗣后 ,为了“隐杜”列强增辟租界及其对我国“形势扼要之区”的“觊觎” ,清政府自主开放了十数个通商口岸 ,设立了一批供中外商贾居留贸易的通商场 ,试图利用通商口岸各国杂居的形势“互相牵制” ,达到“不以兵力相守” ,而收“商务保守”之效的目的。清政府的这些措施在一定程度上遏制了列强开辟租界的势头。鼓浪屿和秦皇岛亦是这一时期清政府自主开放的商埠 ,但却变成了公共租界或准租界地区 ,从而留下了沉痛的教训 The concession that formed after the Opium War was viciously developed and extensively popularized by the end of the Second Opium War. Under the call of patriotic officials and gentry, the Qing government adopted a measure of opening up a concession to boycott outsiders through the opening of commercial ports at a treaty opening stage after the noon, and held a positive confrontation with Japan on opening up the concessions of Suzhou and Hangzhou in Japan. Subsequently, in order to increase the concession of the “hidden du” powers and their “shackles” on the “main area of ​​situation” of our country, the Qing government opened up to a dozen ports of commerce independently and set up a number of thoroughfares for the residence of Chinese and foreign merchants, Trying to make use of the situation inhabiting each other countries in the ports of commerce to “contain each other” so as to achieve the goal of “not using military power” and receiving the effect of “commercial conservativeness.” To some extent, these measures by the Qing government curbed the tendency of the powers to open concessions. Gulangyu and Qinhuangdao were also the autonomous ports opened by the Qing government during this period, but they became the areas of the public concession or the quasi-concession area, leaving a painful lesson