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时频分析是完整刻画地震资料在时间和频率轴上能量强度分布的主要手段。该方法因能同时展示平稳信号和非平稳信号在时间域和频率域的演变过程,提供信号的局部特征,所以在地震资料处理中得到了广泛应用。针对目前地震常用的一些时频分析方法,分析对比了常用的短时傅里叶变换、小波变换和S变换的特点。通过对比分析和试验,明确了利用S变换相对于其他2种方法在时频分析领域的优点,论述了S变换时频谱在地震资料处理中的应用优势。实际应用效果表明,基于广义S变换的吸收衰减补偿技术可通过分析结果在地震资料处理中进行能量补偿,可以有效地补偿衰减的振幅和高频成分,为提高地震资料的分辨率奠定了基础。
Time-frequency analysis is the main means to completely characterize the distribution of seismic energy intensity on time and frequency axis. This method has been widely used in seismic data processing because it can show the evolution of both stationary and non-stationary signals in the time and frequency domains at the same time and provide local features of signals. Aiming at some commonly used time-frequency analysis methods of earthquake, the characteristics of common short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform and S transform are analyzed and compared. Through comparative analysis and experiment, the advantages of using S transform over other two methods in time-frequency analysis are clarified, and the application advantages of S-transform spectrum in seismic data processing are discussed. The practical application results show that the absorption attenuation compensation technique based on generalized S transform can compensate the amplitude and the high frequency component of the attenuation effectively by the energy compensation in the seismic data processing through the analysis results, which lays the foundation for improving the resolution of the seismic data.