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运用洞庭湖区与长江干流相关控制站1951-2010年实测水文数据,在分析江湖水力关系的基础上,从不同时间尺度分析江湖水体交换能力的演变特征及其对三峡水库运行的响应。结果表明:①7-9月长江荆南三口对洞庭湖的补给能力较强,1-3月洞庭湖对长江的补给能力较强;②江湖水体交换系数具有明显的年代际波动,其中1951-1958年、1959-1968年荆南三口对湖泊的补给能力较强,而2003-2010年湖泊对长江的补给能力增强;③三峡水库运行后无论是典型年还是在水库不同调度方式运行期,三口分泄能力减弱,入湖水量减少,而因四水入湖水量占绝对优势,湖泊对长江的补给能力明显增强;④尽管影响江湖水体交换能力的因素极为复杂,但从总体上讲,除受流域降水波动影响外,江湖水体交换能力在不同时间尺度上的演变特征及其过程均随着江湖水体交换量的变化而变化,说明江湖水体交换能力强度与江湖水体交换量之间存在着彼此消长的关系。
Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2010 in the control stations of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River, based on the analysis of the hydraulic relationship between rivers and lakes, the evolvement characteristics of exchange capacity of rivers and lakes and its response to the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir were analyzed from different time scales. The results showed that: ①The recharge of Dongting Lake from the three ports of Jingnan in the Yangtze River from July to September was strong, and Dongting Lake from January to March was more capable of replenishing the Yangtze River; ②The exchange coefficient of rivers and lakes had obvious interdecadal fluctuation, of which 1951-1958 Year, from 1959 to 1968 Jingnan three strong ability to replenish lakes, and from 2003 to 2010 the lake to the Yangtze River supply capacity enhancement; ③Through the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir whether in the typical year or in different reservoir operation mode, three points The capacity of the lake to replenish the Yangtze River obviously increased; ④ Although the factors that affect the exchange capacity of the rivers and lakes are extremely complicated, on the whole, in addition to being affected by the catchment The characteristics and process of the exchange capacity of rivers and lakes on different time scales change with the exchange volume of rivers and lakes, which shows that there exists a mutual exacerbation between the exchange capacity of rivers and lakes and the exchange capacity of rivers and lakes relationship.