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为了研究煤岩在单轴压缩下的宏观破裂结构特征和煤岩破裂过程中的声发射特性,对不同煤矿的煤岩进行了单轴压缩破裂实验和声发射监测实验。结果表明:单轴压缩下煤岩的宏观结构特征可以分为6类,分别为:(1)圆锥型破裂裂纹;(2)“八”字型裂纹;(3)“Y”和偏“Y”型破裂裂纹;(4)多个“I”字型裂纹;(5)“X”型破裂裂纹;(6)“S”型破裂裂纹。提出了煤岩单轴压缩下应力应变全过程可分为6个阶段:初始压密阶段、准弹性阶段、新裂隙渐生段、新裂隙速生段、裂隙扩展贯通段和残余变形段。研究表明在各个阶段声发射特征各不相同,分别为一定量、少量、明显增多、激增、最大值和微量,声发射特性能够较好地反应煤岩的破裂过程。
In order to study the macroscopic rupture structure of coal and rock under uniaxial compression and acoustic emission characteristics during coal and rock rupture, uniaxial compression cracking and acoustic emission monitoring experiments were carried out on coal and rock in different coal mines. The results show that the macrostructural characteristics of coal rock under uniaxial compression can be divided into six categories, which are: (1) conical crack, (2) “eight” crack, (3) And “Y” type crack; (4) a number of “I” crack; (5) “X” crack; It is proposed that the whole process of stress and strain under uniaxial compression of coal and rock can be divided into six stages: initial compaction stage, quasi-elastic stage, new fractured zone, rapid fracture zone, residual fracture zone and residual deformation zone. The results show that the acoustic emission characteristics are different at different stages, which are a certain amount, a small amount, a significant increase, a surge, a maximum and a trace, respectively. The acoustic emission characteristics can well reflect the rupture process of coal and rock.