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目的了解济南市居民呼吸系统疾病死亡流行病学特征及寿命损失情况。方法收集2011-2015年济南市居民呼吸系统疾病死亡资料,采用ICD-10编码进行死因分类,应用SPSS20.0进行统计分析。结果 2011-2015济南市居民呼吸系统疾病年均死亡率是48.98/10万,标化死亡率为24.08/10万,居死因顺位第3位。男性呼吸系统疾病死亡率高于女性(χ~2=15.05,P<0.001)。慢性下呼吸道疾病居2011-2015年济南市呼吸系统疾病的首位,其他依次是肺炎、呼吸系统的其他疾病和尘肺。呼吸系统疾病死亡率随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势。0~5岁年龄组主要死因是肺炎,55岁以上人群主要死因是慢性下呼吸道疾病。农村慢性下呼吸道疾病(χ~2=242.17,P<0.001)、呼吸系统疾病(χ~2=59.51,P<0.001)高于城区,城区肺炎高于农村(χ~2=188.81,P<0.001)。2011-2015年济南市呼吸系统疾病潜在减寿年数(PYLL)平均为5 280.80人年,肺炎平均减寿年数(AYLL)最高。去除慢性下呼吸道疾病、肺炎、尘肺及全部呼吸系统疾病后,全市居民平均期望寿命分别增加了0.36、0.20、0.00和0.71岁。结论呼吸系统疾病已成为影响济南市居民健康和生命的重要疾病,死亡特点具有年龄、性别、地区差异。应采取可行的疾病预防控制措施,降低呼吸系统疾病发病率及死亡率,提高人群的健康水平。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of death from respiratory diseases and the loss of life expectancy in Jinan City. Methods The death data of respiratory diseases in residents of Jinan were collected from 2011 to 2015. The cause of death was classified by ICD-10 code, and SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The average annual mortality rate of residents with respiratory diseases in Jinan City from 2011 to 2015 was 48.98 / 100 000, and the normalized death rate was 24.08 / 100 000, ranking the third in the ranking. Male respiratory mortality was higher than female (χ ~ 2 = 15.05, P <0.001). Chronic lower respiratory tract diseases rank the top of respiratory diseases in Jinan in 2011-2015, followed by pneumonia, other respiratory diseases and pneumoconiosis. Respiratory disease mortality is increasing with age. The main cause of death in the 0-5 age group was pneumonia, and the leading cause of death in people over the age of 55 was chronic lower respiratory tract disease. Chronic lower respiratory tract disease (χ ~ 2 = 242.17, P <0.001) and respiratory disease (χ ~ 2 = 59.51, P <0.001) were higher in rural areas than in urban areas ). In 2011-2015, the average number of years of potential life-years lost (PYLL) of respiratory diseases in Jinan was 5 280.80 person-years, and the average number of years of AYLL (AYLL) was the highest. After removing chronic lower respiratory tract diseases, pneumonia, pneumoconiosis and all respiratory diseases, the average life expectancy of residents in the city increased by 0.36, 0.20, 0.00 and 0.71 respectively. Conclusion Respiratory diseases have become an important disease affecting the health and life of residents in Jinan City. The characteristics of death have the characteristics of age, sex and regional differences. Proper disease prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of respiratory diseases and improve the health of the population.