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为选择西梅(‘法兰西’)适宜授粉品种,该研究以‘法兰西’西梅品种为母本,‘斯泰勒’和‘女神’等2个授粉品种为父本进行人工授粉,研究不同品种授粉对‘法兰西’西梅坐果率和果实品质的影响,并利用主成分分析对不同授粉品种进行了综合评价。结果表明:不同授粉品种对‘法兰西’坐果率具有一定的提高作用,其中‘女神’授粉‘法兰西’品种的坐果率最高;果实的果仁纵径、果核纵径、单核重、单果重、果实纵径、果实横径、含水量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量,不同授粉品种之间差异较大,果仁横径、单仁重、单核重、果柄、离核、果皮颜色、风味、可溶性固形物、硬度、总酸差异较小。通过主成分分析提取出了5个主成分,其累计方差贡献率达到90.694%,可以解释绝大部的原始信息。主成分分析得出不同授粉品种果实品质评价方法表达式为F=6.088F1+3.964F2+2.406F3+1.666F4+1.294F5。通过该模型计算出不同授粉品种综合得分,并排序。不同授粉品种综合得分为-1.263~1.260之间,综合得分排序为‘女神’>‘斯泰勒’>自然授粉。综合比较发现在实际生产中,推广‘女神’来作授粉树效果较好。该研究结果为西梅(‘法兰西’)授粉树优化配置果实品质提升提供了依据。
In order to select the suitable pollination varieties for XiMei (’France’), the pollination was conducted by pollination of two pollination cultivars, ’Francescaledient’, ’Sidney’ and ’Goddess’ The effect of ’France’ Prunus sibirica on fruit setting rate and fruit quality was analyzed. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the different pollination varieties. The results showed that different pollination cultivars could improve the fruit set rate of ’France’, among them, ’Goddess’ pollination ’France’ had the highest fruit setting rate. The longitudinal diameter of fruit, longitudinal diameter of kernel, mononuclear weight, fruit weight , Fruit length, diameter of fruit, water content, soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C content, different pollination varieties, the diameter of kernel, single kernel weight, Peel color, flavor, soluble solids, hardness, total acid difference is small. The principal component analysis extracted five principal components, the cumulative variance contribution rate of 90.694%, can explain most of the original information. Principal component analysis showed that the expression of fruit quality of different pollination varieties was F = 6.088F1 + 3.964F2 + 2.406F3 + 1.666F4 + 1.294F5. Through this model, the comprehensive score of different pollination varieties is calculated and sorted. The comprehensive scores of different pollination varieties ranged from -1.263 to 1.260, and the comprehensive scores ranked as “Goddess”> “Steller”> natural pollination. Comprehensive comparison found in actual production, the promotion of the goddess pollination tree for better results. The results provide the basis for improving the quality of pollination tree in XiMei (’France’).