论文部分内容阅读
一直以来,有关刑事嫌疑人、被告人的人权问题始终是世界范围内的热门话题,各国从立法、司法实践上纷纷表明态度,不断强化对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的权利的保护。随着社会问题与矛盾的日益增多,一些法律职业者、学者和民众发现在对诉讼程序中的“弱者”遮风避雨的同时,刑事案件中的“弱者”的诉讼权利逐渐不能适应惩戒犯罪、保障人权的需求。二十世纪后四十年,美国社会兴起如何对待刑事被害人与被告人的争论。二十世纪七十年代后,随着民众对严惩性犯罪的呼声越来越强烈,现代被害人运动日益高涨。在这一背景下,美国开展了一系列被害人支援活动,并通过了大量保障被害人权利的法案。其中,2004年《刑事被害人权利法》的出台标志着美国刑事被害人保护立法达到了顶峰,同时也给予了其他国家在立法、司法实践上的参考。我国应当借鉴美国刑事被害人保障立法的有益经验,扩展传统刑事被害人的定义,扩大刑事被害人刑事诉讼权利,从而实现对刑事被害人在程序上的有力保护。
All along, the human rights issues concerning criminal suspects and defendants have always been a hot issue in the world. All countries have shown their attitudes in the legislative and judicial practices and continuously strengthened the protection of the rights of suspects and accused. With the increasing social problems and contradictions, some legal professionals, scholars and the general public find that while the “weakness” in the proceedings is sheltered from the storm, the litigation rights of “the weak” in criminal cases gradually Can not adapt to disciplinary crime, the protection of human rights needs. In the four decades after the twentieth century, the controversy over how to treat criminal victims and defendants arises in American society. Since the 1970s, as the voice of the public on punishing sex crimes has become more and more intense, the modern victim movement is on the rise. Against this background, the United States launched a series of victim support activities and adopted a large number of bills to protect the rights of victims. Among them, the promulgation of the 2004 Criminal Victims Rights Act marks the culmination of the legislation on the protection of criminal victims in the United States, and also gives other countries reference in legislation and judicial practice. Our country should learn from the beneficial experiences of American criminal victims in safeguarding the legislation, expand the definition of the traditional criminal victims and expand the criminal procedure right of the criminal victims so as to realize the procedural protection of criminal victims.