This paper analyzes the changes in household food consumption over time in Russian Federation and China with special emphasis on the differences between urban and rural areas. Estimated expenditure elasticities showed us that for Russian households, such products bread and bakery, potato, sugar and confectionary, eggs, vegetable oil and other fat food groups are normal and necessary goods; other products as vegetables and melons, fruits and melons, meat and meat products, fish and fish products, milk & dairy, tea, coffee, soft drinks are luxuries with elasticities that exceed one, while results for China are similar. These results provide the guideline for future policy implication in respect of the demand management and food consumption in China and Russian Federation.