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背景:部分学者通过体外器官培养研究认为全反式维甲酸干扰了Smad2/3在腭部的表达,具体机制尚不明确。目的:观察腭突Smad2/3信号分子在胚鼠腭部发育及腭裂形成过程中的表达变化。方法:54只C57BL/6J近交系孕鼠随机分为3组,在妊娠10d,实验组一次性灌胃全反式维甲酸100mg/kg诱导胚鼠两侧腭突不能在中线融合,建立腭裂畸形动物模型;植物油对照组灌胃10mL/kg橄榄油,空白对照组不做处理。结果与结论:在植物油对照组中,从妊娠13d18时到妊娠14d18时腭间充质细胞中Smad2/3免疫阳性表达逐步增高,至妊娠15d8时表达开始出现下降,实验组也表现为这一变化趋势,且同一组间表达较植物油对照组明显;在腭中嵴上皮细胞中,植物油对照组随着腭突的融合,腭中嵴上皮带消失,Smad2/3表达也明显下降,实验组始终未融合,未见明显的Smad2/3阳性细胞。在整个胚腭正常发育和腭裂形成过程中,空白对照组与植物油对照组Smad2/3阳性细胞表达几乎无差异。提示过量全反式维甲酸可能通过干扰腭中嵴上皮细胞及间充质细胞中Smad2/3信号分子的表达,从而影响小鼠胚腭上皮间充质转化,与腭裂形成密切相关。
BACKGROUND: Some scholars believe that all-trans retinoic acid interferes with the expression of Smad2 / 3 in the palate through the in vitro organ culture study. The exact mechanism is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression changes of Smad2 / 3 signal molecules in the process of palatal palatal development and cleft palate formation. Methods: Fifty-four pregnant mice of C57BL / 6J inbred line were randomly divided into 3 groups. At 10 days of gestation, the experimental group received a single oral infusion of 100 mg / kg all-trans retinoic acid to induce bilateral palatal fossa on both sides of the embryo. Malformation animal model; vegetable oil control group gavage 10mL / kg olive oil, blank control group without treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the vegetable oil control group, the expression of Smad2 / 3 in palate mesenchymal cells gradually increased from 13d18 to 14d18, and began to decline at the 15th day of pregnancy. The experimental group also showed this change The expression of Smad2 / 3 in the same group was more obvious than that in the vegetable oil control group. In the palatal crest epithelial cells, the vegetable oil control group disappeared with the fusion of the palatal clavicle, and the expression of Smad2 / 3 was also significantly decreased in experimental group Fusion, no obvious Smad2 / 3 positive cells. There was almost no difference in the expression of Smad2 / 3 positive cells between blank control group and vegetable oil control during the normal development of palatal palate and cleft palate. It is suggested that excessive all-trans retinoic acid may interfere with the expression of Smad2 / 3 signal molecules in epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells in the palate, thus affecting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mouse embryo-palate, which is closely related to cleft palate formation.