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速尿在常用治疗量是安全的。但是在雄性小鼠实验中采用大剂量速尿时,可导致与剂量有关的肝坏死。例如给小鼠按150毫克/公斤体重腹腔注射后,可导致局限于中间带和中心叶肝细胞的坏死现象。更大剂量(如400毫克/公斤体重)可导致大面积坏死。采用细胞色素 P—450酶类抑制剂,如胡椒基丁醚、氯化钴和异硫氰酸α-萘酯等可阻止速尿引起的肝坏死的发生,这提示速尿的肝毒性作用也可能是通过其毒性代谢物引起的。
Furosemide is safe for the usual amount of treatment. However, the use of large doses of furosemide in male mice results in dose-related hepatic necrosis. For example, intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg body weight into mice results in necrosis limited to the middle and central leaf hepatocytes. Larger doses (eg, 400 mg/kg body weight) can cause extensive necrosis. The use of cytochrome P-450 enzyme inhibitors, such as piperonyl butoxide, cobalt chloride, and alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate, can prevent the occurrence of furosemide-induced hepatic necrosis, suggesting that hepatotoxicity of furosemide is also It may be caused by its toxic metabolites.