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目的探讨甲醛和二甲苯联合染毒对小鼠骨髓细胞的遗传毒性作用。方法将78只健康清洁级昆明小鼠,按体重随机分为13组,分别为低剂量甲醛染毒组(5 mg/kg)、中剂量甲醛染毒组(10 mg/kg)、高剂量甲醛染毒组(20mg/kg)以及生理盐水(0.01 ml/g)对照组;低剂量二甲苯染毒组(50 mg/kg)、中剂量二甲苯染毒组(100 mg/kg)、高剂量二甲苯染毒组(150 mg/kg)以及花生油(0.01 ml/g)对照组;低剂量联合染毒组(2.5 mg/kg甲醛+25 mg/kg二甲苯)、中剂量联合染毒组(5 mg/kg甲醛+50 mg/kg二甲苯)、高剂量联合染毒组(10 mg/kg甲醛+75 mg/kg二甲苯)以及生理盐水+花生油(体积比1∶1)对照组;环磷酰胺(40 mg/kg)作为微核试验阳性对照组。每组6只,雌雄各半。采用腹腔注射方式染毒,每天1次,连续7 d。染毒结束次日处死小鼠,采用微核试验和彗星试验检测骨髓细胞的遗传毒性作用。结果甲醛、二甲苯单独或联合染毒均可引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核率增高(P<0.05),且微核率随着染毒剂量的增加而上升。甲醛与二甲苯联合染毒组微核率高于各自单独染毒组,在高剂量联合染毒组尤其明显(P<0.05)。甲醛、二甲苯单独或联合染毒均可使小鼠骨髓彗星细胞尾部DNA含量及尾矩增加,且高剂量组尤其明显(P<0.05);二者在较低剂量联合染毒时便致彗星细胞尾部DNA含量及尾矩较甲醛和二甲苯单独染毒组有所增加(P<0.05);且随着染毒剂量的升高,联合染毒毒性作用明显上升。结论甲醛、二甲苯染毒对小鼠骨髓细胞具有遗传毒性作用,二者联合染毒可能存在协同毒性效应。
Objective To investigate the genotoxic effects of formaldehyde and xylene on mouse bone marrow cells. Methods Totally 78 healthy and clean Kunming mice were randomly divided into 13 groups according to body weight. They were low-dose formaldehyde exposure group (5 mg / kg), middle-dose formaldehyde exposure group (10 mg / kg), high-dose formaldehyde (20 mg / kg) and normal saline (0.01 ml / g). Low dose xylenol exposure group (50 mg / kg), middle dose xylene exposure group (100 mg / (150 mg / kg) and peanut oil (0.01 ml / g) in the control group. The combination of low dose and 2.5 mg / kg formaldehyde and 25 mg / 5 mg / kg formaldehyde + 50 mg / kg xylene), high dose combination (10 mg / kg formaldehyde + 75 mg / kg xylene) and saline + peanut oil Phosphoramidite (40 mg / kg) was used as a positive control for micronucleus test. Each group of 6, male and female half. The way of intraperitoneal injection, once a day for 7 days. Mice were sacrificed on the following day after the end of the exposure and the genotoxic effects of bone marrow cells were examined using micronucleus test and comet assay. Results Formaldehyde and xylene alone or in combination could cause the micronuclei of mouse bone marrow cells increased (P <0.05), and the micronucleus rate increased with the increase of dose. The micronucleus rate of combination of formaldehyde and xylene was higher than that of their respective exposure groups, especially at the high dose combined exposure (P <0.05). Formaldehyde and xylene alone or in combination could increase tail DNA content and tail moment of mouse bone marrow comet cells, especially in high-dose group (P <0.05). Both of them could cause comet at the lower dose The tail DNA content and tail moment of cells increased compared with that of formaldehyde and xylene alone (P <0.05), and the toxicity of combined exposure increased significantly with the increase of exposure dose. CONCLUSION: Formaldehyde and xylene have a genotoxic effect on mouse bone marrow cells. Synergistic toxicity may exist between the two combinations.