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目的分析广州市学龄儿童的营养状况和贫血状况及两者之间的关系,为进一步探究中国城市儿童超重/肥胖与缺铁性贫血的关系提供初步的参考依据。方法随机整群抽取参加2013~2014年广州市学生体质健康检查的7~14岁学龄儿童,检测身高、体重和血红蛋白指标,依据身高体重指数(BMI)把学龄儿童的营养状况划分为消瘦、超重、体重正常和肥胖等四组。分析学龄儿童不同营养状况下的血红蛋白及贫血的分布规律,探讨消瘦、超重和肥胖等的营养状况与血红蛋白和贫血的关系。结果广州市区的3 187名7~14岁学龄儿童参与了本次调查,其消瘦、超重和肥胖率分别为6.3%、10.8%和8.0%。其中,男生超重和肥胖率明显高于女生(P值均<0.01)。学龄儿童贫血率为2.2%,其中男生贫血率为2.3%,女生贫血率为2.2%,贫血率男女之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。学龄儿童的年龄与血红蛋白浓度均呈正相关关系(P<0.01),并且消瘦者发生贫血的危险性较正常体重大(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.05~1.41,P<0.05)。按性别分组后,男生BMI与血红蛋白浓度呈负相关关系(P<0.01);与正常体重组比较,消瘦男生更易于发生贫血(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.07~1.53,P<0.01)。女生中不同营养状况与贫血则未见明显相关。结论广州市7~14岁学龄儿童中消瘦男生发生贫血的危险性较大,但超重、肥胖与贫血之间未见明显相关性;而女生营养状况与贫血之间未见明显相关。
Objective To analyze the nutritional status and anemia status of school-aged children in Guangzhou and to provide a preliminary reference for further exploring the relationship between overweight / obesity and iron-deficiency anemia in urban children in China. Methods A random sample of 7 to 14-year-old school-age children who participated in the physical health examination of students in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2014 was collected and randomly selected. Height, weight and hemoglobin were measured. According to height-body mass index (BMI), nutrition status of school-age children was divided into emaciation, , Normal weight and obesity and other four groups. The distribution of hemoglobin and anemia in school-age children under different nutritional status was analyzed to discuss the relationship between nutritional status such as weight loss, overweight and obesity and hemoglobin and anemia. Results A total of 3 187 schoolchildren aged 7-14 in Guangzhou were enrolled in this survey. Their weight loss, overweight and obesity rates were 6.3%, 10.8% and 8.0% respectively. Among them, male overweight and obesity rates were significantly higher than girls (P <0.01). The rate of anemia among school-age children was 2.2%, among which, the male anemia rate was 2.3% and the female anemia rate was 2.2%. There was no significant difference between male and female anemia rates (P> 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the age of school-age children and hemoglobin (P <0.01), and the risk of anemia in those with weight loss was significantly higher than that of normal weight (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.41, P <0.05). There was a negative correlation between BMI and hemoglobin concentration in boys (P <0.01). Compared with normal weight group, weight loss boys were more prone to anemia (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.53, P <0.01). There is no clear correlation between the different nutritional status of girls and anemia. Conclusions There is a higher risk of anemia among weight-loss boys in school-age children aged 7-14 years in Guangzhou, but there is no significant correlation between overweight, obesity and anemia. However, there is no significant correlation between the nutritional status of girls and anemia.