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教育扩展在提高平均教育水平的同时可能会提高教育的不平等,教育水平与收入水平息息相关,教育平均水平的提高会提高收入水平、降低收入差距,而教育不平等的提高可能会导致收入差距恶化。因此,教育扩展对收入差距具有正反两种不同的效果,具体的影响方向要看其净效应。本文的理论分析和实证检验表明,我国的教育扩展对居民收入差距的影响是倒U型的,在教育扩展的初期,会提高居民的收入差距,教育的进一步扩展会降低居民的收入差距。
The expansion of education may raise the inequality of education while raising the average education level. The education level is closely related to the income level. The improvement of the average education level will increase the income level and reduce the income gap. However, the increase of education inequality may lead to the worsening of the income gap . Therefore, education expansion has two positive and negative effects on the income gap. The specific direction of the impact depends on its net effect. The theoretical analysis and empirical tests show that the impact of education expansion on the income inequality in our country is inverted U-shaped. In the early stage of education expansion, the residents’ income gap will be raised. Further education will reduce the income gap among residents.