自从1958年两名美国科学家首先研制成单片电路以来,平均每两年半就要推出新的DRAM(动态随机存取存储器),每一代新芯片的容量是前一代的4倍.同时价格亦随着经验的丰富和产量的增加而不断降低.单片电路迅速发展的动力是军事需要和航天活动,其结果导致了许多新型武器及系统,如精密制导导弹;有效的电子战设备;侦察卫星;机载电子设备;计算机化通信设备;电光器件;制导炮弹等.但在许多应用中,暴露了这种硅片电路的局限性,如硅片对温度很敏感,需要散热;对离子辐射也很敏感,为此需要有电磁脉冲屏蔽.但最主要的 Since the first two monolithic circuits were first developed by two American scientists in 1958, an average of two and a half years each have introduced new DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), each with four times the capacity of the previous generation. With the rich experience and production continue to decrease monolithic circuit power is the rapid development of military needs and space activities, the result has led to many new weapons and systems, such as precision guided missiles; effective electronic warfare equipment; reconnaissance satellites , Airborne electronic equipment, computerized communications equipment, electro-optical devices, guided munitions, etc. However, in many applications, the limitations of such silicon circuits are exposed, such as silicon being sensitive to temperature and requiring heat dissipation, and also to ionizing radiation Very sensitive, for this need electromagnetic pulse shielding, but the most important