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卫星导航系统(GNSS)地面站天线对卫星进行上行注入时,信号到达卫星时较弱,容易受到干扰,故地面站注入天线需同时具备平时多目标注入和干扰时单目标功率增强的能力。利用卫星导航系统中地面站之间能够实现精密时间同步的特点,提出了一种基于分布式卫星导航地面站抛物面天线的空间功率合成方法,使用相位预补偿实现分布式天线阵到达目标卫星信号的相位粗同步;分析了相位误差、辐射功率误差对空间功率合成效率的影响,得到了阵元初始相位标定精度与相对定位精度的约束关系;并对合成信号的抗干扰能力和信号质量进行了研究。理论和仿真结果表明,当相位精度因子小于0.2时,4个等辐射功率天线在10°仰角以上波束扫描范围内的功率合成效率均在75%以上,且可以通过控制初始相位标定精度与相对定位精度实现更高的合成效率;而在合成效率要求75%以上时,天线辐射功率误差对合成效率的影响基本可以忽略。采用分布式波束扫描天线能够对地面站上行注入进行功率增强,可实现注入波束和功率的灵活配置,有效解决制约机动式和小型化地面站功率提升的瓶颈问题。
When the satellite enters the satellite with the GNSS antenna, the signal arrives at the weaker satellite and is easily interfered. Therefore, the ground station should have the capability of single-target power injection in the normal multi-target injection and interference. Based on the characteristic of time synchronization between ground stations in satellite navigation system, a space power combining method based on distributed satellite navigation ground station parabolic antenna is proposed. The phase pre-compensation is used to realize the distributed antenna array reaching the target satellite signal The phase synchronization and phase synchronization are analyzed. The influence of phase error and power error on space power synthesis efficiency is analyzed. The constraint relationship between the initial phase calibration accuracy and the relative positioning accuracy is obtained. The anti-interference ability and signal quality of the synthetic signal are also studied . Theoretical and simulation results show that when the phase accuracy factor is less than 0.2, the power synthesis efficiency of the four equal power radiated antennas above 75% in the beam scanning range above 10 ° elevation angle can be controlled by controlling the initial phase calibration accuracy and relative positioning Accuracy to achieve higher synthesis efficiency; and in the synthesis efficiency requirements of more than 75%, the antenna radiation power error on the synthesis efficiency can be neglected. The distributed beam scanning antenna can increase the power of the ground station upstream injection, and can realize the flexible configuration of the injection beam and the power, and effectively solve the bottleneck problem that restricts the power increase of the mobile station and the miniaturized ground station.