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目的分析南阳市卧龙区5岁以下儿童死亡原因,为降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提出有效干预措施。方法按照《河南省5岁以下儿童死亡监测方案》要求,建立区、乡、村三级监测网,各级固定专人收集5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡和个案调查记录,并进行出生、死亡漏报调查,达到质量控制指标要求,对卧龙区5岁以下儿童死亡进行回顾性分析。结果 5岁以下儿童死亡率10.19‰,婴儿死亡率8.81‰,新生儿死亡率6.62‰。前5位死因顺位:出生窒息、早产和低出生体重、肺炎、先天性心脏病、其他先天异常;农村儿童意外死亡率明显高于城镇儿童。结论从围婚期保健抓起,加强孕产妇系统保健;提高产儿科医护质量;加强农村儿童意外伤害防范,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡的主要措施。
Objective To analyze the causes of death of children under 5 years of age in Wolong District, Nanyang City, and propose effective interventions to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years old. Methods According to the “Henan Province under 5-year-old child death monitoring program” requirements, the establishment of district, township and village three monitoring network, fixed-level personnel at all levels to collect the death of children under 5 years of age report card and case investigation records, and the birth and death omission Investigation, to achieve the quality control index requirements, Wolong District, a 5-year-old children were retrospectively analyzed. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age was 10.19 ‰, the infant mortality rate was 8.81 ‰, and the neonatal mortality rate was 6.62 ‰. The top five causes of death: birth asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight, pneumonia, congenital heart disease, other congenital anomalies; accidental mortality in rural children was significantly higher than urban children. Conclusion It is the main measure to reduce the death of children under 5 years old from the circumstance of raising the marriage during the marriage period to strengthen the maternal system health care; to improve the quality of the pediatric medical care; to strengthen the prevention of accidental injury to the rural children.