论文部分内容阅读
利用建立于1980年的砂壤质潮土肥料长期定位试验,对30年的肥效演变进行了研究与分析。结果表明,长期不同施肥处理,小麦、玉米历年产量顺序基本趋势为NPK>NP>N>CK;有机肥与化肥配合,作物产量大幅度提高,均高于相对应的化肥,且稳产性好。单施化肥前3年,氮肥养分效率明显,磷、钾肥效果不明显,3年后氮效下降,而磷、钾效上升;磷肥连续施用有明显的残效迭加效应,比一次足量施用具有更好的增产效果,且小麦的磷肥肥效高于玉米;砂壤质潮土增施钾肥有明显和稳定的增产效果,配施有机肥后肥效明显下降。有机肥与化肥配合,有机肥肥效随N、P、K配合比例的增加而降低,有机肥长期施用有明显的后效。养分供应不协调会引起作物缺素而严重影响生长发育,以致减产。
Based on the long-term positioning test of sandy loam soil fertilizers established in 1980, the evolution of fertilizer efficiency over the past 30 years has been studied and analyzed. The results showed that NPK> NP> N> CK was the order of yield of long-term different fertilization treatments and that of wheat and corn. The combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizer significantly increased the yield of crops, which was higher than the corresponding fertilizers and had good stability. In the first three years of application of chemical fertilizers alone, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was obvious, the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was not obvious, nitrogen efficiency decreased after 3 years and the phosphorus and potassium efficiency increased. Continuous application of phosphorus fertilizer had obvious residual effect superposition effect, Better yield-increasing effect, and the fertilizer efficiency of wheat was higher than that of corn. The increase of K fertilizer by sandy loam soils had obvious and stable yield increase effect, and the fertilizer efficiency decreased obviously with the application of organic fertilizer. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer, organic manure fertilizer efficiency with the N, P, K decreased with the increase of the proportion of long-term use of organic fertilizer has obvious effect. Inconsistent nutrient supply will lead to crop deficiency and seriously affect the growth and development, resulting in reduced production.