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栽培的亚麻(L.usitatissimum)通常为亚麻籽,以其油分和纤维而被认为是具有较高经济价值的作物之一。开发亚麻遗传资源并进一步进行遗传改良,须了解其遗传变异的范围和结构。位于坎普尔的C.S.农业科技大学种质管理单位保存有广泛收集而来的2772份栽培和野生亚麻资源。从中选出23份不同基因型栽培亚麻品种包括5份两用品种、4份种用品种、14份具有不同形态和经济特性的引进种用品种以及1份野生品系(L.grandiflorum),采用RAPD标记进行遗传多样性分析。20条随机引物共产生242条带,每条引物扩增带数为1～20条,平均为10.95条。所有基因型和位点的RAPD多态性比例为90.49%。DICE系数相似矩阵分析揭示其遗传相似性为0.63～0.97,平均相似系数为82%,说明这些亚麻品种(系)的遗传背景较窄。采用UPGMA法以及NTSYS-pc软件的SAHN聚类分析模型对遗传相似矩阵进行聚类分析,发现属于L.uitatisimums的所有栽培品种在X轴上可聚为一类,而L.grandiflorum野生种单独在Y轴上聚为一类。主成分分析结果表明,除了Shekha(r优良种用品种)和野生种L.grandiflorum广泛分布外,其他所有种用品种、两用品种和外来品种聚类很近。由于亚麻栽培品种的遗传关系相近,须对亚麻种质的各种基因型进行鉴定,以拓宽今后育种计划中的遗传基础。
Cultivated flax (L. suitatissimum), usually flaxseed, is considered one of the more economically valuable crops for its oil content and fiber. Developing flax genetic resources and further genetic improvement requires understanding of the scope and structure of their genetic variation. The germplasm management unit of the C.S. University of Agriculture and Technology in Kanpur holds a collection of 2,772 cultivated and wild flax resources collected extensively. Twenty-three cultivars of cultivated flax cultivars were selected, including 5 dual-use cultivars, 4 cultivars, 14 introduced cultivars with different morphological and economic characteristics and 1 wild strain (L.grandiflorum), using RAPD Markers for genetic diversity analysis. A total of 242 random bands were generated with 20 random primers. The number of amplified bands per primer ranged from 1 to 20 with an average of 10.95. The RAPD polymorphism of all genotypes and loci was 90.49%. DICE coefficient similar matrix analysis revealed that the genetic similarity of 0.63 ~ 0.97, the average similarity coefficient of 82%, indicating that these flax varieties (lines) of the genetic background is narrow. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA method and SAHN cluster analysis model of NTSYS-pc software showed that all the cultivars belonging to L.uitatisimums could be grouped together on the X-axis while the L.grandiflorum wild species alone Y-axis into a group. Principal component analysis showed that except Shekha (r superior species) and wild species L. grandiflorum were widely distributed, all other species, dual-use varieties and exotic species clustered very close. Because flax cultivars have similar genetic relationships, various genotypes of flax germplasm must be identified to broaden the genetic basis for future breeding programs.