损伤研究损伤研究是最重要的任务之一。近年来约有百分之四十的试验研究时间是花在这一工作上的。对于各方面都力求有较高安全性的铁路运输来说,通常要研究重大的和较少出现的断裂情况,并确定断裂的原因。不管损伤是在维修中发现的,或者其影响铁路运输的程度,都要进行这样的研究工作,从而有效地防止损伤的反复出现,甚至防止大批损伤的产生。除个别例外,对铁路各种部件都要考虑疲劳强度,即零部件的材料选择和尺寸确定应顾及在其使用寿命(一般由正常磨耗情况所决定)中能承受各种工作载荷而 Damage Research Damage research is one of the most important tasks. In recent years, about 40% of the pilot study time is spent on this work. For rail transport that is striving for higher safety on all fronts, it is common to study major and less frequent fractures and to determine the cause of the fracture. Whether the damage is found during maintenance or the extent to which it affects railway transport, such research must be conducted to effectively prevent the recurrence of injuries and even prevent the occurrence of a large number of injuries. With a few exceptions, the fatigue strength is to be considered for various railway components, ie the material selection and dimensioning of the components should take into account the various working loads that can be sustained over their useful life (normally determined by normal wear and tear)