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目的通过构建决策树模型探索影响消化道肿瘤患病率的环境影响因素,提高环境卫生服务效率。方法于2012—2013年,选择我国某河流消化道肿瘤高发区4个省692个行政村的12 432户家庭户作为研究对象,采用入户问卷调查的方法对家庭饮用水情况、居住环境、饮食与卫生等环境影响因素进行调查。应用R3.2.3软件对上述内容进行决策树分析,评估消化道肿瘤与环境影响因素的关系。结果在被调查家庭户中,消化道肿瘤患者共有619例。通过R软件构建出一颗4层、含15个节点的决策树模型。决策树模型筛选出冰箱使用情况、厕所类型、厕所位置、饮用水供水方式、居住环境为消化道肿瘤的环境影响因素。其中,冰箱使用情况是其中最重要的一项影响因素。结论消化道肿瘤的环境影响因素较多,基于决策树模型可以区分出不同影响因素的重要性,为减少可控危险因素的暴露、预防疾病的发生提供依据。
Objective To explore the environmental factors affecting the prevalence of gastrointestinal cancer by building a decision tree model to improve the efficiency of environmental health services. Methods From 2012 to 2013, 12 432 households from 692 administrative villages in 4 provinces with high prevalence of gastrointestinal cancer in a river in our country were selected as study subjects. The questionnaire survey of household consumption of drinking water, living environment, diet And health and other environmental factors to investigate. R3.2.3 software application of the above decision tree analysis to assess the relationship between gastrointestinal cancer and environmental factors. Results In the surveyed households, there were 619 patients with gastrointestinal cancer. A 4-layer, 15-node decision tree model was constructed by R software. The decision tree model screened the refrigerator use, the type of toilets, the location of toilets, drinking water supply, living environment for the digestive tract tumor environmental factors. Among them, the use of the refrigerator is one of the most important factor. Conclusion There are many environmental factors affecting gastrointestinal cancer. Based on the decision tree model, the importance of different influencing factors can be distinguished, providing a basis for reducing the exposure of controllable risk factors and preventing the occurrence of diseases.