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一 构词法中,一般把由一个词素单独构成的词叫作单纯词,把由两个以上的词素构成的词叫作合成词。显然,合成词只是相对于单纯词而言的一个广义的名称。实际上,根据词素的性质以及结合方式的不同,合成词还可以继续分成多种类型。一般把由两个以上的词根构成的词称为复合词;把词根和词缀相结合而构成的词称为派生词;把同一词根以重叠形式构成的词称为叠语词;把较长的词经过词根或词缀简缩后构成的词称为简略词,等等。 此外,词类转化也是构词法中一个重要手段。
In a word-formation method, a word composed of one morpheme is generally called a simple word, and a word composed of two or more morphemes is called a compound word. Obviously, compound words are just a broad name relative to simple words. In fact, depending on the nature of the morpheme and the way in which it is combined, compound words can continue to be divided into multiple types. A word composed of two or more roots is generally referred to as a compound word; a word formed by combining a root and an affix is called a derivative; a word formed by overlapping the same root is called a superimposed word; a longer word is passed The words formed by the abbreviation of stems or affixes are called abbreviations, and so on. In addition, word transformation is also an important method in word formation.