论文部分内容阅读
任务型阅读是江苏英语试题的较新题型,要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表,并有一定字数的限制。主要考察学生获取信息的能力(对应信息查找题)、组织信息的能力(对应信息转换题)和概括表达信息能力(对应信息归纳题)。想要做好它,在考试中取得高分,在练习的同时,我们要掌握它的做题技巧和方法。笔者结合教学和练习经验,总结出了做任务型阅读的基本方法:两步五定四原则。
一、两步
第一步:快速浏览文章和表格(通过浏览文章首段和末段,或每段的首句,了解文章大意。通过观察表格结构和大致内容,帮助考生进一步掌握文章内容)。
第二步:结合表格看文章(根据五定四原则边看表格,边读文章)。
二、五定法
1.定位:把表格中要填的词所在句子或短语与文中相关位置对应起来;
2.定意:确定所定位句子含义并推敲所要填的词意;
3.定词:通过定意决定所填的词,可借助一意的多种表达方式来确定要填的词;
4.定性:填词时要确定词性,根据上下文来确定所填词的词性;
5.定形:应注意名词的可数和不可数、单数和复数的变化;人称代词的格、数等的变化;动词应注意时态、语态,非谓语动词以及主谓一致方面的不同形式;形容词和副词应注意其原级、比较级和最高级的不同形式。填词时要注意词的大小写。
三、解题四原则
(一) 词组优先原则(看表格,根据词组推)
原文 It determines our strengths and weaknesses…转换成表格中:It is your dominant motivational focus that decides what you are good at or ______ in.
分析:根据词组优先原则,词组be poor in / be weak in答案为 poor/ weak。
(二)同问对称原则
1.表格内容上下对称
原文 You can do it by making an ad in the newspapers or magazines…转换成表格中:_________ for your car for the sale.
分析:根据表格上下 advantage of selling an old car ; preparation of your car for the sale 得知答案为名词。答案为:advertising 或 advertisement.
2. and, but as well as …前后对称
原文It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency…
转换成表格中:Employees with goals can perform better as well as _______ efficiency and time management.
分析:根据表格中as well as 前的perform, 得知答案为动词原形。答案为:increase.
(三)信息反推原则(根据右信息栏, 上下标题栏,总结归纳词)
表格右边信息栏Slow down and take the time; Try to keep the driving time; Leave enough time to family;可以推断左边为归纳词。答案为Suggestions /Tips/Advice.
◆归纳词的特征有:概括性,在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息;针对性,量体裁衣,大小适度;醒目性,简洁。
常见概括性词有:原因:reason, cause;结果:result, effect;目的:aim, purpose;方法:measure, solution, way, method;观点:opinion, view, attitude;异同:differences, similarities;优劣:advantages, disadvantages;其它:time, purpose, behavior, feeling。
(四)信息转换原则
(1)词性转换。即将一种词类转换成另一种词类,主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。解题方法很简单,只要在文中找到关键词即可。例如:
1.IMF called on all players to cooperate closely to improve the global economy. - IMF called for close cooperation to improve the global economy.
2.Learn to listen sympathetically. - Learn to listen in a sympathetic way.
(2)词组互换。
1.We are putting pressure on the environment.-The environment is under pressure.
2. Inspiration is vital to creativity.-Inspiration is of great importance to creativity.
(3)句子结构转换。做此类题首先要理解题意,其次仔细比较原句和题目,明白出题人的意图,只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。
a)主被动互换
You must practice your fire escape plan.-Your fire escape plan must be practiced.
b)并列句/从句/分词转换
Women who want more children-Woman wanting more children.
c)意义转换
Since the jump is higher, there is more time to swing the rope.
The jump is higher, therefore/so/consequently, there is more time to swing the rope.
掌握以上做题方法,再多加练习,相信一定会给考生带来意想不到的收获。一定会在任务型阅读题型中取得高分。
(作者单位:江苏省如皋市第二中学)
一、两步
第一步:快速浏览文章和表格(通过浏览文章首段和末段,或每段的首句,了解文章大意。通过观察表格结构和大致内容,帮助考生进一步掌握文章内容)。
第二步:结合表格看文章(根据五定四原则边看表格,边读文章)。
二、五定法
1.定位:把表格中要填的词所在句子或短语与文中相关位置对应起来;
2.定意:确定所定位句子含义并推敲所要填的词意;
3.定词:通过定意决定所填的词,可借助一意的多种表达方式来确定要填的词;
4.定性:填词时要确定词性,根据上下文来确定所填词的词性;
5.定形:应注意名词的可数和不可数、单数和复数的变化;人称代词的格、数等的变化;动词应注意时态、语态,非谓语动词以及主谓一致方面的不同形式;形容词和副词应注意其原级、比较级和最高级的不同形式。填词时要注意词的大小写。
三、解题四原则
(一) 词组优先原则(看表格,根据词组推)
原文 It determines our strengths and weaknesses…转换成表格中:It is your dominant motivational focus that decides what you are good at or ______ in.
分析:根据词组优先原则,词组be poor in / be weak in答案为 poor/ weak。
(二)同问对称原则
1.表格内容上下对称
原文 You can do it by making an ad in the newspapers or magazines…转换成表格中:_________ for your car for the sale.
分析:根据表格上下 advantage of selling an old car ; preparation of your car for the sale 得知答案为名词。答案为:advertising 或 advertisement.
2. and, but as well as …前后对称
原文It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency…
转换成表格中:Employees with goals can perform better as well as _______ efficiency and time management.
分析:根据表格中as well as 前的perform, 得知答案为动词原形。答案为:increase.
(三)信息反推原则(根据右信息栏, 上下标题栏,总结归纳词)
表格右边信息栏Slow down and take the time; Try to keep the driving time; Leave enough time to family;可以推断左边为归纳词。答案为Suggestions /Tips/Advice.
◆归纳词的特征有:概括性,在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息;针对性,量体裁衣,大小适度;醒目性,简洁。
常见概括性词有:原因:reason, cause;结果:result, effect;目的:aim, purpose;方法:measure, solution, way, method;观点:opinion, view, attitude;异同:differences, similarities;优劣:advantages, disadvantages;其它:time, purpose, behavior, feeling。
(四)信息转换原则
(1)词性转换。即将一种词类转换成另一种词类,主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。解题方法很简单,只要在文中找到关键词即可。例如:
1.IMF called on all players to cooperate closely to improve the global economy. - IMF called for close cooperation to improve the global economy.
2.Learn to listen sympathetically. - Learn to listen in a sympathetic way.
(2)词组互换。
1.We are putting pressure on the environment.-The environment is under pressure.
2. Inspiration is vital to creativity.-Inspiration is of great importance to creativity.
(3)句子结构转换。做此类题首先要理解题意,其次仔细比较原句和题目,明白出题人的意图,只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。
a)主被动互换
You must practice your fire escape plan.-Your fire escape plan must be practiced.
b)并列句/从句/分词转换
Women who want more children-Woman wanting more children.
c)意义转换
Since the jump is higher, there is more time to swing the rope.
The jump is higher, therefore/so/consequently, there is more time to swing the rope.
掌握以上做题方法,再多加练习,相信一定会给考生带来意想不到的收获。一定会在任务型阅读题型中取得高分。
(作者单位:江苏省如皋市第二中学)