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呼吸道感染是儿科最常见的疾病,肺炎是我国城乡五岁以内儿童死亡的第一位原因。小儿肺炎死亡占整个儿童死亡的五分之一以上,尤其婴幼儿肺炎(包括新生儿肺炎)死亡率更高。由于肺炎严重威胁儿童生命及健康成长,我国卫生部和WHO非常重视,均提出为重点防治的儿科疾病。卫生部于1986年公布了小儿肺炎防治方案,列为防治重点的小儿四病之一。WHO于70年代末起将小儿肺炎列为三种重点儿科疾病之一。为了进一步推动控制急性呼吸道感染(ARI)规划在全球范围内开展,WHO、联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)和联合国开发署(UNDP)合作,于1991年12月在美国华盛顿召开了首届控制ARI国际咨询会议,有近百个国家和地区卫生部门的官员和专家参加。
Respiratory tract infection is the most common pediatric disease, pneumonia is the first cause of death of children in urban and rural areas within five years of age. Deaths from pneumonia in children account for more than one fifth of all child deaths, especially in infants with pneumonia (including neonatal pneumonia). As pneumonia is a serious threat to the life and healthy growth of children, the Ministry of Health and WHO attach great importance to the proposed prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases. Ministry of Public Health in 1986 announced the prevention and treatment of pediatric pneumonia programs, as one of the four key childhood disease prevention and treatment. WHO has listed pediatric pneumonia as one of three major pediatric diseases since the late 1970s. To further promote the plan to control acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the world, WHO, UNICEF and UNDP jointly held the first ARI International Consultation in December 1991 in Washington, DC Meetings, officials and experts from nearly 100 national and regional health departments attended the meeting.