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目的探讨初中生受欺负者的特征及自杀风险影响因素,为其自杀干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在4个城市各随机抽取25所初中,对抽中班级的所有学生采用《全球学校学生健康调查问卷》进行调查。结果受欺负者的自杀意念和自杀计划年发生率分别为25.1%和13.0%,高于未受欺负者(P<0.05)。因身体、长相等因素而受欺负产生自杀意念的风险是其他受欺负类型的1.29倍。高频度(10～30d/月)受欺负、焦虑和抑郁均是自杀意念和自杀计划的危险因素,而家庭关怀则是其保护因素。社会交往对自杀计划的发生与否有保护作用。结论对受欺负者的自杀干预应根据其受欺负类型、强度同时综合考虑其他危险和保护因素予以有针对性的干预。
Objective To explore the characteristics of junior high school students who are bullied and the factors that influence the risk of suicide, so as to provide basis for suicide intervention. Methods A total of 25 junior middle schools were randomly selected in all four cities by using multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All the students in middle class were surveyed using the Global School Student Health Questionnaire. Results The annual incidence rate of suicidal ideation and suicide plan was 25.1% and 13.0% respectively, higher than those without being bullied (P <0.05). The risk of being suicidal by being bullied because of physical, long-lasting factors is 1.29 times that of other types of bullying. High frequency (10 ~ 30d / month) being bullied, anxiety and depression are both risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide plans, while family care is the protective factor. Social interaction has a protective effect on the occurrence of suicide plan. Conclusions Suicide interventions should be based on the types and intensities of sufferers who suffered suicide. The intervention should be based on the consideration of other risks and protective factors.