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目的:探讨汉族和维吾尔族声嘶患者病因分布特点。方法:对933例声嘶患者纤维喉镜检查结果进行分析,其中汉族654例,维吾尔族279例,并将其分成不同年龄组进行比较。结果:汉族声嘶常见病因为声带息肉(31.8%)、慢性喉炎(24.9%)、声带小结(12.2%)、喉癌(11.2%)和声带麻痹(9.9%),占其总人数的90.1%;维吾尔族声嘶常见病因为慢性喉炎(27.2%)、声带麻痹(21.1%)、声带息肉(19.4%)、喉癌(12.9%)、喉乳头状瘤(7.9%)和声带小结(7.9%),占其总人数的96.4%。二者声嘶病因分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=73.19,P<0.01)。声带息肉、声带麻痹和喉乳头状瘤在二者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。汉族和维吾尔族在2～20岁组、21～40岁组、41～60岁组声嘶疾病分布均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);而在61～85岁组声嘶疾病分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:引起声嘶的疾病在汉族、维吾尔族总体及不同年龄组分布有差异,汉族儿童和青少年以慢性喉炎、声带小结为主,中青年以声带息肉、慢性喉炎为主;维吾尔族则分别以慢性喉炎、喉乳头状瘤与慢性喉炎、声带息肉和声带麻痹为主;二者在老年人组分布无差异,以喉癌、声带麻痹为主。
Objective: To investigate the etiology and distribution of hoarseness patients in Han and Uygur nationality. Methods: The results of fiberoptic laryngoscopy in 933 cases of hoarseness were analyzed, including 654 Han and 279 Uyghur nationals, which were divided into different age groups for comparison. Results: The common causes of hoarseness in Han were vocal polyps (31.8%), chronic laryngitis (24.9%), vocal nodules (12.2%), laryngeal cancer (11.2%) and vocal cord paralysis (9.9%), accounting for 90.1% %. The common causes of hoarseness in Uighur were chronic laryngitis (27.2%), vocal cord paralysis (21.1%), vocal cord polyps (19.4%), laryngeal cancer (12.9%), laryngeal papilloma (7.9%) and vocal nodules 7.9%), accounting for 96.4% of its total population. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the two diseases (χ2 = 73.19, P <0.01). Vocal cord polyp, vocal cord paralysis and laryngeal papilloma in the difference between the two statistically significant (P <0.01). There were significant differences in the distribution of the hoarseness between the Han and Uygur nationalities in the age group of 2 ~ 20 years, the age group of 21 ~ 40 years, the age group of 41 ~ 60 years (all P <0.01), while the distribution of the hoarseness disease in the age group of 61 ~ 85 years The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The diseases causing hoarseness are distributed differently in Han and Uygur nationalities as a whole and in different age groups. Chronic laryngitis and vocal nodules are the main features in Han children and adolescents, while vocal cord polyps and chronic laryngitis are the most common in young and middle-aged people. Uyghur Chronic laryngitis, laryngeal papilloma and chronic laryngitis, vocal cord polyp and vocal cord paralysis were the main; the two groups in the elderly distribution was no difference to laryngeal cancer, vocal cord paralysis.