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历法并非“一蹴而就”的发明,而是由原始记时方法引导而来。作为一个历史悠久的民族,傈僳族由早期对时间的认识到历法的出现,经历了漫长的阶段。最初,傈僳族对于时间的认识来源于物候。花开花落、候鸟回归、草木荣枯等规律性的自然变化成为傈僳族记录时间的天然标尺。傈僳族的物候历称为花鸟历,将一年划分为十个月,后来逐步发展为十二个月。花鸟历为傈僳族安排生产生活提供了重要指示,但也有着不可消除的缺点。天体运动较之物候现象更为精确和恒定。傈僳族观察月球运行,总结产生了月亮历,一年十二个月,每月三十天。月亮历还与十二支相结合,以十二为周期,循环记时,且有禁忌有关。探源傈僳族的时间观念,对历法的形成有着重要的参考意义。
The calendars are not “inventions by one stroke”, but are guided by the original chronometric method. As a nation with a long history, the Lisu people experienced a long period of time from the early understanding of time to the appearance of the calendar. Initially, Lisu’s understanding of time came from phenology. The natural changes of regularity such as flowering, migratory birds and grasses withered vegetation have become the natural ruler of the Lisu records. The Lisu phenology is called the calendar of flowers and birds, dividing the year into ten months and then gradually developing into twelve months. Flowers and birds calendar for Lisu to arrange production and life provided an important instruction, but also has the disadvantage can not be eliminated. The celestial movement is more accurate and constant than the phenological phenomenon. The Lisu observes the lunar movement and summarizes the lunar calendar, twelve months a year and thirty days a month. The moon calendar is also combined with twelve branches. Twelve cycles are used to record the cycle and there are taboos related to it. The origin of the Lisu’s concept of time has an important reference value for the formation of the calendar.