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中国近代发行业肇始于19世纪初期,当时西方传教士马礼逊及中国人梁发等以马六甲为中心向东南亚及广东等地发行了不少宗教书籍。此外,香港、澳门等地也有一些西方书籍发行到大陆。1842年以后,西方出版机构陆续移入大陆,并以广州、宁波、上海等城市为基地,将图书发行逐渐渗入内地。 19世纪80年代,随着石印术的广泛应用,大批近代商业出版发行机构纷纷出现,它们几乎全都以上海为发行中心,通过对古代旧发行系统的不断发展改造,把发行触角深入到全国各地,以致当时人发出了“洋板书充塞海内”的感叹。 随着图书发行数量的迅速增长,我国原有的图书发行体系也经历了一场剧变。在剧变过程中,旧的发行体系逐渐衰退;新的发行体系则在旧发行体系的基础上不断发展壮大。大约到20世纪20年代,新的图书发行体系已完全取代旧的图书发行体系而得以确立。 (一) 西方传教士和近代商业出版发行机构在出版上都是以西方先进的印刷技术为基础,它与中国传统的出版技术完全是两个不同的系统。西方传教士和近代商业出版发行机构在图书发行上不可能像印刷那样独行其是,因为在西方出版技术下的图书发行只靠一处或数处发行机构是远远不够的,它必须要依
China’s modern publishing industry began in the early 19th century, when Western missionaries Morrison and Chinese Liang Fa and so on in Malacca as the center to Southeast Asia and Guangdong and other places issued a lot of religious books. In addition, there are also some Western books distributed to mainland China in Hong Kong and Macao. After 1842, the western publishing houses gradually moved into the mainland, and based on the cities of Guangzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai, the book distribution gradually infiltrated the hinterland. In the 1880s, with the extensive application of lithography, a large number of modern commercial publishing agencies appeared in succession. Almost all of them came to Shanghai as distribution centers. With the continuous development and transformation of the ancient system of old distribution, the release tentacles penetrated all over the country, As a result, people issued a sigh of “Western board stuffed the sea”. With the rapid growth of the number of books issued, our original book distribution system also experienced a drastic change. During the drastic changes, the old distribution system gradually declined; the new distribution system continued to grow and develop on the basis of the old distribution system. By the 1920s, the new book distribution system had been completely replaced by the old book distribution system. (1) Both Western missionaries and modern commercial publishing agencies are based on advanced Western printing technologies. They are totally different from the traditional Chinese publishing technologies in two different systems. Western missionaries and modern commercial publishers may not be as exclusive as printers on the issue of books because it is far from enough that books be distributed by one or more agencies under the influence of Western publishing technology.