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目的了解医院感染现状,为医院感染防控措施的制定提供依据,并评价实时监控系统的灵敏性及特异性。方法采用横断面调查和病历调查相结合方法进行医院感染横断面调查。结果 2014年医院感染现患率为3.47%,感染例次率为4.15%。科室分布以ICU感染率最高,为47.37%;感染部位以下呼吸道占首位,为55.56%;医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,主要病原菌为肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌及鲍曼不动杆菌等。结论对医院感染现患率高的科室,应提高医务人员医院感染控制意识,加强对医院危险因素及重点环节的管理,有效降低医院感染的发生;对医院感染误报率高的科室应提高医院感染正确诊断水平;我院使用的实时监测系统对于医院感染病例的监测有良好的敏感性和特异性。
Objective To understand the status of nosocomial infections, provide basis for the establishment of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of real-time monitoring systems. Methods A cross-sectional survey and a medical history survey were used to cross-sectionally investigate nosocomial infections. Results The prevalence of nosocomial infection in 2014 was 3.47%, and the frequency of infections was 4.15%. The highest ICU infection rate was 47.37% in department distribution, 55.56% in the lower respiratory tract at the site of infection, and Gram-negative bacteria was the main pathogen in nosocomial infection. The main pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and large intestine. E. coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusion The department with high prevalence of nosocomial infection should improve the hospital staff’s awareness of nosocomial infection control, strengthen the management of risk factors and key links in hospitals, and effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections; hospital departments with high rates of false positives in hospital infections should improve nosocomial infections. The correct diagnosis level; the real-time monitoring system used in our hospital has good sensitivity and specificity for the monitoring of nosocomial infections.