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本文分析了30多年来银川地区种植过的春小麦品种的主要性状。认为小麦品种产量的提高是由于植株逐渐矮化,穗颈长度与株高比值逐渐增大,单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数增多,千粒重增大,生物量及收获指数不断提高所致。 相关和通径系数分析结果表明,穗粒数和穗颈长度与籽粒产量关系极为密切,它对产量的的作用相对较大。因此,欲选育比现有推广品种更有增产潜力的新品种,似以增大穗颈长度和增加穗粒数,尤其是增加每穗结实小穗数为有效。
This article analyzes the main characters of spring wheat cultivated in Yinchuan over the past 30 years. It is considered that the increase of wheat yield is due to the gradual dwarfing of plants, the increasing of the ratio of panicle length to plant height, the increase of effective panicles per panicle and spikelets per panicle, the increase of 1000-grain weight, and the continuous improvement of biomass and harvest index. Correlation and path coefficient analysis showed that the number of grains per spike and the length of panicle were closely related to grain yield, and its effect on yield was relatively large. Therefore, to breed new varieties with more yield potential than the existing varieties, it is effective to increase the length of the panicles and increase the number of grains per spike, especially for increasing the number of spikelets per panicle.