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Abstract
Solar-powered refrigeration based on adsorption cycles is simple, quiet in operation and adaptable to small medium or large systems. Application potentials include storage of vaccines for immunization against killer diseases in remote areas, preservation of foodstuff for future use and manufacture of ice. Already Solar Adsorption Refrigeration (SAR) is a technical success, but it is not commercially competitive with either the conventional vapor compression or PV refrigerators. Further developmental research is, therefore, required for improvements in existing designs either to increase system overall performances significantly or to reduce system unit cost or both. In this study a statistical approach was used to optimize of solar adsorption air conditioning or refrigeration unit using ANOVA analysis. It was found that the coefficient of performance (COP) of a SAR system does not depend sharply on the evaporator temperature without any relation of the system conditions. Instead COP depends significantly on both condenser temperature and type of couple used in the refrigeration system. In addition some factors that concern about design could have an effect on the COP. From the optimization model the maximum value of COP was found under low condenser temperature and high generator temperature. Zeolite/water couple has the maximum COP value whereas the activated carbon has the minimum value.
Key words: Solar adsorption; Refrigeration; ANOVA; SAR
REFERENCES
[1] Baker, D. K., & Kaftano?lu, B. (2007). Limits to the Thermodynamic Performance of a Thermal Wave Adsorption Cooling Cycle. In Proceedings of International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics (HEFAT). Sun City: South Africa 1997.
[2] Zhai, X. Q., & Wang, R. Z. (2009). Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis of the Solar Adsorption Cooling System in a Green Building. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(1), 17-27.
[3] Grenier, Ph., Guilleminot, JJ., Mester, M., & Meunier, F. (1983). Pons M. Experimental Results on a 12 m3 Solar Powered Cold Store Using the Intermittent Zeolite 13X+H2O cycle. In Proceedings of the ISES Conference. Perth. New York: Pergamon.
[4] Zanife, T., & Meunier, F. (1992). Experimental Results of Zeolite-Water Heat Pump Installed in a Slaughterhouse. Heat Recov Syst & CHP, 12(2), 131–142.
[5] SNEA-LCL. (1991). Patent WO 91/15292-11/04/.
[6] Guilleminot, JJ. (1998). From Pellet to Consolidated
Adsorbent Bed. In Proceedings of Fundamentals of Adsorption 6, Ed. F. Meunier, Elsevier.
[7] Poyelle, F., Guilleminot, JJ., & Meunier, F. (1999). Experimental Tests and Predictive Model of an Adsorptive Air Conditioning Unit. Ind. Eng Chem. Research, 38(1), 298–309.
[8] Banker, ND., Prasad, M., Dutta, P., & Srinivasan, K. (2010). Development and Transient Performance Results of a Single Stage Activated Carbon - HFC 134a Closed Cycle Adsorption Cooling System. Applied Thermal Engineering, 30(10), 1126-1132.
[9] Pons, M., Laurent, D., & Meunier, F. (1996). Experimental Temperature Fronts for Adsorptive Heat Pump Applications. Applied Thermal Eng., 16(5), 395–404.
[10] Pons, M., & Feng, Y. (1997). Characteristic Parameters of Adsorptive Refrigeration Cycles with Thermal Regeneration. Applied Thermal Eng., 17(3), 289–298.
[11] Wang, L. W., Wang, R. Z., & Oliveira, R. G. (2009). A Review on Adsorption Working Pairs for Refrigeration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(3), 518-534.
[12] Critoph, RE. (2000).The Use of Thermosyphon Heat Pipes to Improve the Performance of Carbon–Ammonia Adsorption Refrigerator. IV Minsk International Seminar‘Heat Pipes, Heat Pumps, Refrigerators’ 4–7 September, 2000 at Minsk, Belarus (pp. 35–41).
[13] Miller, EB. (1929). The Development of Silica Gel, Refrigerating Engineering. American Society Refrigerating Engineers, 17(4), 103-108.
[14] Anyanwn, E.E., & Ogueke, N.V. (2005). Thermodynamic Design Procedure for Solid Adsorption Solar Refrigerator. Renewable Energy, 30(1), 81–96.
[15] El-Sharkawya, I.I., Saha, B.B., Koyama, S., He, J., Ng, K.C., & Yap, C. (2008). Experimental Investigation on Activated Carbon–Ethanol Pair for Solar Powered Adsorption Cooling Applications. International Journal of Refrigeration, 31(8), 1407–1413.
[16] Fadar, El A., Mimet, A., Azzabakh, A., Pérez-Garca, M.,& Castaing, J. (2009). Study of a New Solar Adsorption Refrigerator Powered by a Parabolic Trough Collector. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(5-6), 1267–1270.
[17] Zhang, X.J., & Wang, R.Z. (2002). Design and Performance Simulation of New Solar Continuous Solid Adsorption Refrigeration and Heating Hybrid System. Renewable Energy, 27(3), 401–415.
[18] Montgomery, D. C., & Runger, G. C. (2006). Applied
Statistic and Probability for Engineering (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
[19] Duffie, J.A., & Beckman, W.A. (1991). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes (2nd ed.). Wiley/Interscience.
Solar-powered refrigeration based on adsorption cycles is simple, quiet in operation and adaptable to small medium or large systems. Application potentials include storage of vaccines for immunization against killer diseases in remote areas, preservation of foodstuff for future use and manufacture of ice. Already Solar Adsorption Refrigeration (SAR) is a technical success, but it is not commercially competitive with either the conventional vapor compression or PV refrigerators. Further developmental research is, therefore, required for improvements in existing designs either to increase system overall performances significantly or to reduce system unit cost or both. In this study a statistical approach was used to optimize of solar adsorption air conditioning or refrigeration unit using ANOVA analysis. It was found that the coefficient of performance (COP) of a SAR system does not depend sharply on the evaporator temperature without any relation of the system conditions. Instead COP depends significantly on both condenser temperature and type of couple used in the refrigeration system. In addition some factors that concern about design could have an effect on the COP. From the optimization model the maximum value of COP was found under low condenser temperature and high generator temperature. Zeolite/water couple has the maximum COP value whereas the activated carbon has the minimum value.
Key words: Solar adsorption; Refrigeration; ANOVA; SAR
REFERENCES
[1] Baker, D. K., & Kaftano?lu, B. (2007). Limits to the Thermodynamic Performance of a Thermal Wave Adsorption Cooling Cycle. In Proceedings of International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics (HEFAT). Sun City: South Africa 1997.
[2] Zhai, X. Q., & Wang, R. Z. (2009). Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis of the Solar Adsorption Cooling System in a Green Building. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(1), 17-27.
[3] Grenier, Ph., Guilleminot, JJ., Mester, M., & Meunier, F. (1983). Pons M. Experimental Results on a 12 m3 Solar Powered Cold Store Using the Intermittent Zeolite 13X+H2O cycle. In Proceedings of the ISES Conference. Perth. New York: Pergamon.
[4] Zanife, T., & Meunier, F. (1992). Experimental Results of Zeolite-Water Heat Pump Installed in a Slaughterhouse. Heat Recov Syst & CHP, 12(2), 131–142.
[5] SNEA-LCL. (1991). Patent WO 91/15292-11/04/.
[6] Guilleminot, JJ. (1998). From Pellet to Consolidated
Adsorbent Bed. In Proceedings of Fundamentals of Adsorption 6, Ed. F. Meunier, Elsevier.
[7] Poyelle, F., Guilleminot, JJ., & Meunier, F. (1999). Experimental Tests and Predictive Model of an Adsorptive Air Conditioning Unit. Ind. Eng Chem. Research, 38(1), 298–309.
[8] Banker, ND., Prasad, M., Dutta, P., & Srinivasan, K. (2010). Development and Transient Performance Results of a Single Stage Activated Carbon - HFC 134a Closed Cycle Adsorption Cooling System. Applied Thermal Engineering, 30(10), 1126-1132.
[9] Pons, M., Laurent, D., & Meunier, F. (1996). Experimental Temperature Fronts for Adsorptive Heat Pump Applications. Applied Thermal Eng., 16(5), 395–404.
[10] Pons, M., & Feng, Y. (1997). Characteristic Parameters of Adsorptive Refrigeration Cycles with Thermal Regeneration. Applied Thermal Eng., 17(3), 289–298.
[11] Wang, L. W., Wang, R. Z., & Oliveira, R. G. (2009). A Review on Adsorption Working Pairs for Refrigeration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(3), 518-534.
[12] Critoph, RE. (2000).The Use of Thermosyphon Heat Pipes to Improve the Performance of Carbon–Ammonia Adsorption Refrigerator. IV Minsk International Seminar‘Heat Pipes, Heat Pumps, Refrigerators’ 4–7 September, 2000 at Minsk, Belarus (pp. 35–41).
[13] Miller, EB. (1929). The Development of Silica Gel, Refrigerating Engineering. American Society Refrigerating Engineers, 17(4), 103-108.
[14] Anyanwn, E.E., & Ogueke, N.V. (2005). Thermodynamic Design Procedure for Solid Adsorption Solar Refrigerator. Renewable Energy, 30(1), 81–96.
[15] El-Sharkawya, I.I., Saha, B.B., Koyama, S., He, J., Ng, K.C., & Yap, C. (2008). Experimental Investigation on Activated Carbon–Ethanol Pair for Solar Powered Adsorption Cooling Applications. International Journal of Refrigeration, 31(8), 1407–1413.
[16] Fadar, El A., Mimet, A., Azzabakh, A., Pérez-Garca, M.,& Castaing, J. (2009). Study of a New Solar Adsorption Refrigerator Powered by a Parabolic Trough Collector. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(5-6), 1267–1270.
[17] Zhang, X.J., & Wang, R.Z. (2002). Design and Performance Simulation of New Solar Continuous Solid Adsorption Refrigeration and Heating Hybrid System. Renewable Energy, 27(3), 401–415.
[18] Montgomery, D. C., & Runger, G. C. (2006). Applied
Statistic and Probability for Engineering (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
[19] Duffie, J.A., & Beckman, W.A. (1991). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes (2nd ed.). Wiley/Interscience.