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Backgroud Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography imaging can be used to assess the treatment efficacy of chemotherapy and prognosis.The aim of this study was to determine the uptake rate of 18F-FDG in colon cancer HCT-116 cells,and to evaluate the treatment efficacy of chemotherapy,hyperthermia and thermo-chemotherapy through the uptake inhibition rate of 18F-FDG.Methods The uptake rate of 18F-FDG in HCT-116 ceils was determined at various experimental conditions.The inhibition rate of cell growth,uptake rate of 18F-FDG and uptake inhibition rate of l8F-FDG in HCT-116 cells treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at various concentrations were determined.In HCT-116 cells subjected to chemotherapy (5-FU,100 μg/ml),hyperthermia (43℃,40 minutes) and thermo-chemotherapy for 24 hours,the inhibition rate of cell growth and uptake inhibition rate of 18F-FDG were determined; early apoptosis,the morphology and ultrastructure of HCT-116 cells were examined; and the contents of glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell culture medium of HCT-116 cells were determined.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analyses were conducted by using SPSS 16.0 software.Results The uptake rate of 18F-FDG in HCT-116 cells was (44.25±2.19)％.Under the condition of adding 5-FU at various concentrations for 24 hours,the uptake rate of 18F-FDG was negatively correlated with 5-FU dosage (r=-0.879,P ＜0.01); the inhibition rate of cell growth revealed a positive correlation with the uptake inhibition rate of 18F-FDG (r=0.831,P ＜0.01).In HCT-116 cells subjected to hyperthermia,chemotherapy,and thermo-chemotherapy for 24 hours,the uptake inhibition rates of 18F-FDG were (12.94±2.80)％,(28.25±4.59)％,and (21.60±3.68)％,respectively.The early apoptotic rates of HCT-116 cells were (9.80±0.16)％,(19.80±2.40)％,and (15.70±1.80)％,respectively.Moreover,the contents of glucose and LDH in cell culture medium of HCT-116 cells after treatments were higher than those before treatment.Conclusion The uptake inhibition rate of 18F-FDG can be used for early evaluation of hyperthermia and 5-FU treatment efficacy on cancer cells although hyperthermia (43℃,40 minutes) does not reveal the synergistic effect on 5-FU at the low dosage.