“上有政策,下有对策”,在我国是一种非常普遍的社会现象,这一问题的泛化,在很大程度上影响了政策的应有效力。从而导致了整个社会运作的无序和紊乱。这种现象产生的原因,主要有以下几个方面: 1.传统体制的桎梏。我国的传统管理体制,由于受苏联和建国初期国际国内环境的影响,比较强调统一。为了保证这种统一,权力主要集中在中央和上级。由于我国幅员广大,各地政治、经济、文化等发展很不平衡,表现出较大的差异性和复杂性,致使中央或上级实际上很难制定出符合所有地区实际的政策来。而各地或下级又缺少应有的根据中央的政策和地方实际制定政策的权力。于是“上有政策,下有对策”的问题便悄然产生了。 2.政策自身的欠缺。我国的政策存在的一个十分严重的问题是:从纵向看,缺乏连续性和稳定性。一项正确的政策不能一以贯之地执行下去,往往是随着主要领导人的思想变化或更迭而夭折,致使人们对中央或上级的政策缺乏应有的认知和信任;从横向看,同、一时期,不同职能部门之间的政策相互冲突和碰撞,缺乏一种整体的协调性。这就导致了 “There are policies, there are countermeasures” in our country is a very common social phenomenon, the generalization of this issue, to a large extent, affected the policy should be effective. This has led to disorder and disorder in the operation of society as a whole. The reasons for this phenomenon, mainly in the following areas: 1. The traditional system 桎 梏. Due to the influence of the international and domestic environments in the early days of the Soviet Union and the founding of new China, the traditional management system of our country places more emphasis on unification. In order to ensure this unity, power is mainly concentrated at the central and superior levels. Owing to the vast territory of our country, the development of politics, economy and culture in various parts of the country is imbalanced and shows great variability and complexity, making it virtually impossible for the Central Government or the higher authorities to formulate policies in line with the actual conditions in all regions. At the local or subordinate levels, they lack the due right to formulate policies based on the Central Government’s policies and local conditions. As a result, the question of “having a policy and having a solution” was quietly created. 2. The lack of policy itself. A very serious problem existing in our country’s policy is that from the vertical perspective, there is a lack of continuity and stability. A correct policy can not be implemented consistently and often dies with changes or changes in the thinking of the main leaders, resulting in a lack of recognition and trust in the policies of the central or higher levels. From a horizontal perspective, During the period, the policies of different functional departments collided and collided with each other, lacking a kind of overall coordination. This led to